Automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP)

Abstract

A brief overview of the principles and associated instrumentation used to monitor polymerization reactions by automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP) is presented. ACOMP can be used as an analytical method in R&D, as a tool for reaction optimization at the bench and pilot plant level and, eventually, for feedback control of full‐scale reactors. ACOMP measures in a model‐independent fashion the evolution of average molar mass and intrinsic viscosity, monomer conversion kinetics and, in the case of copolymers, also the average composition drift and distribution. A summary of areas of ACOMP application is given, which include free radical and controlled radical homo‐ and copolymerization, polyelectrolyte synthesis, heterogeneous phase reactions, including emulsion polymerization, adaptation to batch and continuous reactors, and modifications of polymers. Finally, a brief sketch of two novel complementary methods is given: automatic continuous mixing (ACM) and simultaneous multiple sample light scattering (SMSLS). Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry

Applicability of quinolizino-coumarins for monitoring free radical photopolymerization by fluorescence spectroscopy

“…This complicates detailed analysis of the polymerization kinetics and requires precise determination of the polymerization rate at every instance from the beginning to the end of the polymerization process to model the process correctly. Therefore, search for new methods of studying the kinetics of polymerization is a significant trend in polymer chemistry [6].…”

Part 1: Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Nano Scale Powdered Polyurethane Acrylate Binders

“…ES 500 W model 782 Japan operation voltage 100 KV. The samples were investigated by prepared thin films from suspended solution of powders (by using hexane as suspended carrier) on cupper grad [9].…”

“…The molecular weight and molecular weight distributions of the polyurethane were obtained by Agilent Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), using a water peristaltic pump HPLC (Flow rate of DMF was 1 ml/min), and a water 410 refraction index detector [9,10].…”

“…The glass transition temperature Tg of the polyurethane acrylate was measured by Differential Scanning calorimetry shimadzu-50 (DSC) [10].…”

“…Polyurethane acrylate' samples mounted on aluminum stubs, and sputter coated with gold in a 150 Å sputter (Coated Edwards), and examined by Jeol (JXA-840A) Electron Probe Microanalysis (Japan),magnification range 35 -10,000, accelerating voltage 19 kV [8,9].…”