Automatic Cognitive Processes and Youth Substance Use: Risks and Prevention

Krank, Marvin D.; Robinson, Jill M.

doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0168-5

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…This misperception could be the result of the repeated alcohol messages promoted by the alcohol industry. According to SCT, when the same information is processed repeatedly and consciously, the information is integrated through an "automatic cognitive process" [12,13]. Thus, the quantity of alcohol promotion we objectively measured on-field was much higher than what they reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…One of the learning processes related with SCT is the "automatic cognitive process" [12]. Previous studies had defined this process as a mediator in the associations between the ubiquitous presence of alcohol (e.g., alcohol cues at promotion) and the early alcohol use [13][14][15]. Thus, physical features of the alcohol environment could influence the normalization of alcohol consumption and the self-capacity of refusing to drink alcohol [8,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Availability, Promotion, and Signs of Alcohol Consumption: A Mixed Methods Study of Perceived Exposure and Objective Measures

Pastor

Fuente

Vázquez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This study describes the alcohol environment comparing residents’ perceptions and objective measures in two different income-level districts. Measures were gathered between 2017 and 2018 in two districts with different income levels in Madrid, Spain. We obtained perceived measures using Photovoice. We procured objective measures through social systematic observation. Data were integrated using triangulation. Perceived and objective measures of the alcohol environment were characterized and compared in terms of alcohol availability, alcohol promotion, and signs of alcohol consumption. The integration was classified as agreement, partial agreement, or dissonance. The results related to alcohol availability and signs of its consumption showed high agreement. Availability was high in both areas, which was recognized by residents. Residents of the high-income district (HID) discussed fewer signs of alcohol consumption, whilst those in the low-income district (LID) reported extensive signs of consumption. Such observations agreed with the objective measures. There were dissonances between the approaches for alcohol promotion. Although the alcohol promotion was higher in HID according to the objective measures, it was deeply discussed by LID residents. Both methodologies helped us deepen the understanding of the alcohol environment. These results may help design more effective interventions to prevent hazardous drinking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability, Promotion, and Signs of Alcohol Consumption: A Mixed Methods Study of Perceived Exposure and Objective Measures

Pastor

Fuente

Vázquez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…System One is described as spontaneous, fast, and operates without conscious awareness, whereas System Two operates at a conscious level of awareness, and is slower, reflective, and effortful ( Kahneman, 2011 ). The automatic processes of System 1 influence decisions, judgements, and behaviours without the individual becoming conscious awareness of the influence System 1 is having on the present moment ( Krank & Robinson, 2017 ). Strong evidence for a dual processing approach to cognition is born out in assessments of automatic cognition such as response time measures and approach-avoidance tasks ( Kahneman, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have devised two theoretically different approaches to measuring System One and System Two cognition as it relates to substance use. To measure System One cognitive processes, researchers use indirect methods that do not ask the participant to consciously deliberate their response (e.g., reaction time tasks; Krank & Robinson, 2017 ). Indirect measures of substance use cognitions ask about the fundamental concept indirectly, yet responses related to substance use may be generated spontaneously and automatically ( Krank & Robinson, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitions mediate the influence of personality on adolescent cannabis use initiation

Pilin

Robinson

Young

et al. 2022

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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“…Tests of spontaneous memory associations relevant to cannabis have been shown to be useful in explaining and predicting adolescent cannabis use habits (Ames, Zogg, & Stacy, 2002; Ames & Stacy 1998; Ames, Xie, Shono, & Stacy, 2017; Krank, Schoenfeld, & Frigon, 2010; Stacy, 1997; for a review, see Krank & Robinson, 2017). Consistent evidence of the predictive utility of these tests among adolescents and other populations also has been reported for tobacco (Grenard, Ames, Wiers, Thush, Sussman, & Stacy, 2008; Kelly, Haynes, & Marlatt, 2008) and alcohol use (Ames & Stacy, 1998; Kelly, Masterman, & Marlatt, 2005; van der Vorst, Krank, Engels, Pieters, Burk, & Mares, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of cannabis-related associative memory among vulnerable adolescents: Psychometric and longitudinal evaluations.

Shono¹,

Edwards²,

Ames³

et al. 2018

Developmental Psychology

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Indirect tests of memory associations relevant to cannabis have been shown to be useful in explaining and predicting adolescent cannabis use habits. This study sought to increase the understanding of adolescent cannabis-related associative memory and cannabis use behavior over time. A longitudinal sample of alternative high school students (N = 775) was assessed yearly for 3 years. The study first conducted extensive longitudinal measurement analyses of the cannabis-related word association test (WAT) applying contemporary psychometric models. Second, the study examined the longitudinal trajectories of cannabis-related associative memory and cannabis use and their contemporaneous and longitudinal relationships. Results showed that the cannabis-related WAT provided strong evidence of sound psychometric properties. Longitudinal change in cannabis-related associative memory was best described by modeling either a linearly decreasing trajectory or two separate trajectories: During middle adolescence, levels of cannabis-related associative memory were highest and stable but then gradually decreased toward late adolescence. Moreover, cannabis-related associative memory was contemporaneously predictive of cannabis use within ages 15 to 19 while controlling for the underlying growth process of cannabis use and time-invariant covariates (TICs) of gender and lifetime concurrent use of alcohol and cigarettes. Partial support of longitudinal prediction of cannabis use was also obtained from age 17 to 18 and age 19 to 20 while adjusting for growth in cannabis use and the TICs. These results demonstrated that predictive effects of cannabis-related memory associations on cannabis use were detected within some of the 1-year age spans and were consistent within ages across adolescent years. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Automatic Cognitive Processes and Youth Substance Use: Risks and Prevention

Cited by 11 publications

References 101 publications

Availability, Promotion, and Signs of Alcohol Consumption: A Mixed Methods Study of Perceived Exposure and Objective Measures

Availability, Promotion, and Signs of Alcohol Consumption: A Mixed Methods Study of Perceived Exposure and Objective Measures

Cognitions mediate the influence of personality on adolescent cannabis use initiation

Trajectories of cannabis-related associative memory among vulnerable adolescents: Psychometric and longitudinal evaluations.

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