Automatic avoidance of obstacles is a dorsal stream function: evidence from optic ataxia

Schindler, Igor; Rice, Nichola J.; McIntosh, Robert D.; Rossetti, Yves; Vighetto, Alain; Milner, A. David

doi:10.1038/nn1273

Cited by 118 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast, several other patient studies (Blangero et al 2008;Grea et al 2002;Pisella et al 2000;Schindler et al 2004) and TMS studies (Desmurget et al 1999;Glover et al 2005;Rice et al 2006;Tunik et al 2005) have suggested that PPC also plays a critical role in the on-line control of reaching and grasping, but not in the planning phase of the movement (Rice et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over Human Dorsal–Lateral Posterior Parietal Cortex Disrupts Integration of Hand Position Signals Into the Reach Plan

Vesia

Yan

Henriques

et al. 2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Vesia M, Yan X, Henriques DY, Sergio LE, Crawford JD. Transcranial magnetic stimulation over human dorsal-lateral posterior parietal cortex disrupts integration of hand position signals into the reach plan. J Neurophysiol 100: -2014, 2008. First published August 6, 2008 doi:10.1152/jn.90519.2008. Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been implicated in the integration of visual and proprioceptive information for the planning of action. We previously reported that single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over dorsallateral PPC perturbs the early stages of spatial processing for memoryguided reaching. However, our data did not distinguish whether TMS disrupted the reach goal or the internal estimate of initial hand position needed to calculate the reach vector. To test between these hypotheses, we investigated reaching in six healthy humans during left and right parietal TMS while varying visual feedback of the movement. We reasoned that if TMS were disrupting the internal representation of hand position, visual feedback from the hand might still recalibrate this signal. We tested four viewing conditions: 1) final vision of hand position; 2) full vision of hand position; 3) initial and final vision of hand position; and 4) middle and final vision of hand position. During the final vision condition, left parietal stimulation significantly increased endpoint variability, whereas right parietal stimulation produced a significant leftward shift in both visual fields. However, these errors significantly decreased with visual feedback of the hand during both planning and control stages of the reach movement. These new findings demonstrate that 1) visual feedback of hand position during the planning and early execution of the reach can recalibrate the perturbed signal and, importantly, and 2) TMS over dorsal-lateral PPC does not disrupt the internal representation of the visual goal, but rather the reach vector, or more likely the sense of initial hand position that is used to calculate this vector.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over Human Dorsal–Lateral Posterior Parietal Cortex Disrupts Integration of Hand Position Signals Into the Reach Plan

Vesia

Yan

Henriques

et al. 2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…After extensive learning, the PPC can process highly familiar S-R mappings in a fast, automatic, and unconscious manner (Rossetti et al, 2005;Schindler et al, 2004) and damage to the PPC in humans can produce a variety of sensorimotor deficits such as Apraxia (Andersen & Buneo, 2002). In the model, the PPC layer connects the input Condition layer with the output Premotor layer in the parietal learning pathway.…”

Section: Posterior Parietal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembling Old Tricks for New Tasks: A Neural Model of Instructional Learning and Control

Huang¹,

Hazy²,

Herd³

et al. 2013

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract■ We can learn from the wisdom of others to maximize success.However, it is unclear how humans take advice to flexibly adapt behavior. On the basis of data from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging, a biologically plausible model is developed to illustrate the neural mechanisms of learning from instructions. The model consists of two complementary learning pathways. The slow-learning parietal pathway carries out simple or habitual stimulus-response (S-R) mappings, whereas the fast-learning hippocampal pathway implements novel S-R rules. Specifically, the hippocampus can rapidly encode arbitrary S-R associations, and stimulus-cued responses are later recalled into the basal ganglia-gated pFC to bias response selection in the premotor and motor cortices. The interactions between the two model learning pathways explain how instructions can override habits and how automaticity can be achieved through motor consolidation. ■

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“…Most moving animals are able to avoid the obstacles in their surroundings, and in general fast moving animals use vision as the sensory base for this behavior (Robertson and Johnson, 1993;Errigo et al, 2001;Griffin, 2001;Schindler et al, 2004). Slow moving animals often employ other senses such as touch (Migita et al, 2005).…”

Section: Visually Guided Obstacle Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Visually guided obstacle avoidance in the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora and Chiropsella bronzie

Garm

O'Connor

Parkefelt

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

104

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SUMMARY Box jellyfish, cubomedusae, possess an impressive total of 24 eyes of four morphologically different types. Two of these eye types, called the upper and lower lens eyes, are camera-type eyes with spherical fish-like lenses. Compared with other cnidarians, cubomedusae also have an elaborate behavioral repertoire, which seems to be predominantly visually guided. Still, positive phototaxis is the only behavior described so far that is likely to be correlated with the eyes. We have explored the obstacle avoidance response of the Caribbean species Tripedalia cystophora and the Australian species Chiropsella bronzie in a flow chamber. Our results show that obstacle avoidance is visually guided. Avoidance behavior is triggered when the obstacle takes up a certain angle in the visual field. The results do not allow conclusions on whether color vision is involved but the strength of the response had a tendency to follow the intensity contrast between the obstacle and the surroundings (chamber walls). In the flow chamber Tripedalia cystophora displayed a stronger obstacle avoidance response than Chiropsella bronzie since they had less contact with the obstacles. This seems to follow differences in their habitats.

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Automatic avoidance of obstacles is a dorsal stream function: evidence from optic ataxia

Cited by 118 publications

References 19 publications

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over Human Dorsal–Lateral Posterior Parietal Cortex Disrupts Integration of Hand Position Signals Into the Reach Plan

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over Human Dorsal–Lateral Posterior Parietal Cortex Disrupts Integration of Hand Position Signals Into the Reach Plan

Assembling Old Tricks for New Tasks: A Neural Model of Instructional Learning and Control

Visually guided obstacle avoidance in the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora and Chiropsella bronzie

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