Automated Truck Platoons on Motorways – A Contribution to the Safety on Roads

Kunze, Ralph; Haberstroh, Max; Ramakers, Richard; Henning, Klaus; Jeschke, Sabina

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16208-4_38

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The unsuccessful rate of the tracking process is due to the inability to function reliable at a distance larger than 12 meters. However, the automated highway system needs about 10 meters to keep coupled, otherwise the platoon is dissolved [7] [8].…”

Section: Results Of Experiments and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is CHAUFFEUR I project [4] which had been developed in the second project (CHAUFFEUR II) [6]. The third project is KONVOI coordinated by IMA/ZLW & IfU [7] [8] was carried out in collaboration with other institutes. In KONVOI, four homogeneous trucks were equipped and electronically coupled so that a platoon was successfully formed at highway speed on a highway with a distance of 10 m between the vehicles with only the leading vehicle being actively driven.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated heterogeneous platoons in unstructured environment: Real time tracking of a preceding vehicle using video stream

Alfraheed

Dröge

Schilberg

et al. 2014

2014 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS)

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In autonomous driving, object tracking is necessary to gather actual information about the object of interest. The longitudinal and lateral controls of automated highway systems need a target object not only to maintain the safety distance between vehicles but also to keep the following vehicle in the same track as the preceding vehicle. So far automated highway systems were only developed for urban and highway environment depending on lane markings. In future, their application should be extended to unstructured environments (e.g. desert) and be adapted for heterogeneous vehicles. In this paper an approach towards this is presented, where the back view of preceding vehicle is the target object. This solution is independent from the environmental structure as well as additional equipment like infrared emitters. In this paper, the tracking process of the back view is discussed using video streams recorded by a stereo vision system. For an accurate and fast tracking in unstructured environment and with heterogeneous platoons the proposed method is a supplement to the detection process. Therefore, the tracking process has to be a) applicable under real time constraints and b) adaptable in dynamic environments. Compared to other methods related to object detection and tracking, the proposed method reduces the running time for the tracking of the back view from reported 12 -30 to 16 -66 frame/s.

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Section: Results Of Experiments and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated heterogeneous platoons in unstructured environment: Real time tracking of a preceding vehicle using video stream

Alfraheed

Dröge

Schilberg

et al. 2014

2014 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS)

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“…A specific concept that combines longitudinal and lateral automated driving is a platoon, a group of vehicles that drive closely together in a coordinated automated manner (Bergenhem et al, 2012;Ren & Green, 1994). Platooning of automated vehicles offers advantages compared to manual driving in terms of safety, road capacity, and fuel economy (e.g., Axelsson, 2017;Kunze et al, 2011;Larson, Liang, & Johansson, 2015).…”

Section: Emergence Of Automated Platooningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mental demands on situation awareness during platooning: A driving simulator study

Heikoop

Winter

Stanton

2018

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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Previous research shows that drivers of automated vehicles are likely to engage in visually demanding tasks, causing impaired situation awareness. How mental task demands affect situation awareness is less clear. In a driving simulator experiment, 33 participants completed three 40-min runs in an automated platoon, each run with a different level of mental task demands. Results showed that high task demands (i.e., performing a 2-back task, a working memory task in which participants had to recall a letter, presented two letters ago) induced high self-reported mental demands (71% on the NASA Task Load Index), while participants reported low levels of self-reported task engagement (measured with the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire) in all three task conditions in comparison to the pre-task measurement. Participants' situation awareness, as measured using a thinkout-loud protocol, was affected by mental task demands, with participants being more involved with the mental task itself (i.e., to remember letters) and less likely to comment on situational features (e.g., car, looking, overtaking) when task demands increased. Furthermore, our results shed light on temporal effects, with heart rate decreasing and self-constructed mental models of automation growing in complexity, with run number. It is concluded that mental task demands reduce situation awareness, and that not only type-of-task, but also time-on-task, should be considered in Human Factors research of automated driving.

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“…Within the project DESIRE, the operation distance is 1.5m. In AHS, the distance between vehicles is about 10m due to the necessary safety distances between platoon vehicles [6] [7]. Therefore, the operation distance of 1.5 cannot be satisfied in AHS.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each vehicle (except the first vehicle) is thus able to drive with a low air resistance, which saves energy and fuel within a distance of about 10 m [5]. A 10m distance is required to be able to handle safety issues between vehicles [6]. Furthermore since it is successfully tested in the project Konvoi [7], the 10m distance is here considered as a fundamental aspect of the platoon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mechanism to improve Stereo Vision Systems in automated heterogeneous platoons

Alfraheed¹,

Droge²,

Klingender³

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)

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Due to their low price and good quality, Stereo Vision Systems (SVS) are recently considered as a key factor to gather actual information about the object of interest. Today, automated highway systems (AHS) for urban and highway environment were developed without the use of a stereo vision system. In future, the application of AHS should be extended to unstructured environments (e.g. desert) and be adapted to heterogeneous vehicles. In this context, the stereo vision system could enable the platoon to be independent from environmental structure (e.g. lane markings) through its ability to detect, track, locate and recognize heterogeneous vehicles. So far, the need for high accuracy prevents SVS to be applied in automated heterogeneous platoon. In this paper a mechanism towards this is presented, where some behavioral properties have to be satisfied in terms of unstructured environment and heterogeneous platoons. Within a heterogeneous platoon, the back view of a preceding vehicle (BVPV) is considered as a reference point for the lateral and longitudinal control. The key idea of the proposed mechanism is to confirm that the distance of the BVPV can be extracted without depending on the movement of the preceding vehicle. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism has to ensure that features extracted from the back view are suitable to implement successfully the calibration process at around 10m distance. With the proposed SVS mechanism some of behavioral properties have to be satisfied in terms of unstructured environment and AHS. These properties are reliability, performance and robustness. Compared to other methods which use a SVS, the proposed mechanism distinguishes itself through adapting to dynamic environment and extracting the necessary features for the calibration process.

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Automated Truck Platoons on Motorways – A Contribution to the Safety on Roads

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Automated heterogeneous platoons in unstructured environment: Real time tracking of a preceding vehicle using video stream

Automated heterogeneous platoons in unstructured environment: Real time tracking of a preceding vehicle using video stream

Effects of mental demands on situation awareness during platooning: A driving simulator study

A mechanism to improve Stereo Vision Systems in automated heterogeneous platoons

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