Automated sorting of polymer flakes: Fluorescence labeling and development of a measurement system prototype

Brunner, Siegfried; Fomin, Petr; Kargel, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.12.006

Cited by 79 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These systems are usually based on vibrational spectroscopy techniques for polymer identification [5,6,7,8,9] and camera systems for optical recognition of clear and coloured products [10,11]. Other sorting technologies include UV–Vis spectroscopy [12] or mass spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS) for identification [13], hyper-spectral imaging methods [14], X-ray detection for the separation of specific containers [15], fluorescence spectroscopy for identifying halogens and heavy metals [16], and laser-induced plasma spectroscopy to detect additives [17]. This approach has increased the purity of the output plastic over the years, reaching a high percentage of recyclates in the production of secondary materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized Near-Infrared (MicroNIR) Spectrometer in Plastic Waste Sorting

et al. 2019

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Valorisation of the urban plastic waste in high-quality recyclates is an imperative challenge in the new paradigm of the circular economy. In this scenario, a key role in the improvement of the recycling process is exerted by the optimization of waste sorting. In spite of the enormous developments achieved in the field of automated sorting systems, the quest for the reduction of cross-contamination of incompatible polymers as well as a rapid and punctual sorting of the unmatched polymers has not been sufficiently developed. In this paper, we demonstrate that a miniaturized handheld near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer can be used to successfully fingerprint and classify different plastic polymers. The investigated urban plastic waste comprised polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly(styrene) (PS), collected directly in a recycling plastic waste plant, without any kind of sample washing or treatment. The application of unsupervised and supervised chemometric tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on the NIR dataset resulted in a complete classification of the polymer classes. In addition, several kinds of PET (clear, blue, coloured, opaque, and boxes) were correctly classified as PET class, and PE samples with different branching degrees were properly separated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized Near-Infrared (MicroNIR) Spectrometer in Plastic Waste Sorting

et al. 2019

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“…Die Anwendung von Fluoreszenzmarkern für Polymer‐Sortierprozesse wird seit den 1990er Jahren diskutiert . Fluoreszierende Markersubstanzen zeichnen sich durch spezifische Emissionslinien und Abkling‐Eigenschaften (Fluoreszenzabklingzeit) aus.…”

Section: Erfahrungen Bei Der Entwicklung Markerbasierter Sortieransätzeunclassified

“…Für die Identifizierung von schwarzen Kunststoffen wurden Mindestkonzentrationen zwischen 25 und 100 ppm für UV‐Marker und zwischen 100 und 1000 ppm für mit Röntgenstrahlen anregbare Marker eingesetzt. Experimente mit ABS zeigten keine Veränderung der mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials, solange die Fluoreszenzmarkerkonzentration 250 ppm nicht überschritt. Auch wurde keine Photodegradation nach UV‐Bestrahlung in PP mit 1000 ppm Markerkonzentration im µm‐Bereich beobachtet .…”

Section: Erfahrungen Bei Der Entwicklung Markerbasierter Sortieransätzeunclassified

“…Vorläuferarbeiten setzten jeweils nur eine Markersubstanz in der Polymermatrix ein, so dass binäre Informationen erhalten werden konnten . Durch die Kombination mehrerer TBS‐Marker mit unterschiedlichen Emissionslinien hingegen wird es möglich, zahlreiche Zielfraktionen von Sortierprozessen mit jeweils einem spezifischen TBS‐Sortiercode auszustatten, ohne dass dabei unerwünschte Emissionen oder optische Signale von anderen Materialien bei der Messung bzw.…”

Section: Tbs‐sortiersystemunclassified

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Kunststoffidentifikation und ‐sortierung in der Circular Economy durch Fluoreszenzmarker

Woidasky

Moesslein²,

Wendler³

et al. 2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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In Deutschland werden weniger als die Hälfte aller Kunststoffabfälle werkstofflich verwertet. Eine Option um die zukünftigen Recyclingvorgaben zu erreichen ist die Verwendung anorganischer fluoreszierender Markermaterialien. Dieser Tracer‐Based Sorting(TBS)‐Ansatz wird bereits zur PVC‐Mahlgut‐Sortierung eingesetzt. Auf Anti‐Stokes‐Fluoreszenz basierende Markierungsstoffe in ppm‐Konzentrationen schaffen ein System von Sortiercodes, das in Zukunft hochwertige Rezyklate ermöglicht. TBS wird für die Sortierung von Kunststoffverpackungen aus Haushalten entwickelt und getestet.

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“…However, polymers tainted in mass with carbon black become invisible to near-infrared hyperspectral imagery (NIR-HSI), the currently most used technology with sink-float for industrial sorting [13,14], mandatory to obtain satisfactory properties through mechanical recycling [15,16]. Development of new technologies to overcome this dark plastics sorting issue is currently subject to tremendous research [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and could enable proper recycling of sorted WEEP. Study of styrenics recyclability, especially after ageing, is thus a hot topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Styrenic Plastics During Recycling: Impact of Reprocessing Photodegraded Material on Aspect and Mechanical Properties

Signoret¹,

Edo²,

Lafon³

et al. 2020

J Polym Environ

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The major technical limitations in polymer recycling are their incompatibility between each other and their ageing. In this study, impact reinforced styrenics, namely HIPS and ABS, were evaluated in the scope of their alterations through recycling photooxidized material. In this purpose, plates were photodegraded in both natural and accelerated conditions. FTIR-ATR was used to monitor their ageing. After the desired ageing durations, plates were ground, extruded and injected into ISO1 dumbbell tensile test specimens to simulate recycling of degraded polymers. Strong interactions were observed between photooxidation and polymer processing through photometry measures, associated color changes, tensile and impact properties. It was noticed that unaged materials displayed only moderated alterations through recycling. Because of their close chemistry, HIPS and ABS share several modifications but ABS was less altered and mainly impact properties were affected. HIPS and ABS difference of sensibilities could be rooted in PB phases different morphologies and grafting between the two materials.

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Automated sorting of polymer flakes: Fluorescence labeling and development of a measurement system prototype

Cited by 79 publications

References 24 publications

Miniaturized Near-Infrared (MicroNIR) Spectrometer in Plastic Waste Sorting

Miniaturized Near-Infrared (MicroNIR) Spectrometer in Plastic Waste Sorting

Kunststoffidentifikation und ‐sortierung in der Circular Economy durch Fluoreszenzmarker

Degradation of Styrenic Plastics During Recycling: Impact of Reprocessing Photodegraded Material on Aspect and Mechanical Properties

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