Automated segmentation of μ-XRF image sets

Vekemans, Bart; Janssens, Koen; Vincze, László; Aerts, Alexander; Adams, Fred C.; Hertogen, J

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4539(199711/12)26:6<333::aid-xrs231>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 72 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…For further validation of the lab spectrometer the maps of the two samples (normal and deficient Ca diet with SrCl 2 treatment) measured in the lab spectrometer were evaluated the same way as the maps obtained within a previous study 20 at the synchrotron, using principal component analysis and kmeans clustering. 21 Details regarding the data treatment can also be found in Ref. 20.…”

Section: Synchrotron Radiation Induced Micro-xrf (Sr Micro-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal micro-x-ray fluorescence spectrometer for light element analysis

Smolek

Pemmer²,

Zoeger³

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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An existing micro-x-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometer designed for light element analysis (6 ≤ Z ≤ 14) has been extended to confocal geometry: a second polycapillary x-ray optic has been introduced in front of the energy dispersive x-ray detector. New piezo positioners for optimum alignment of both optics have been installed inside the vacuum chamber. The spectrometer offers now the possibility of true 3D elemental analysis in the micrometer regime. Depth resolution varies between 100 μm at 1 keV fluorescence energy (Na-Kα) and 30 μm for 17.5 keV (Mo). To further extend analytical capabilities a second x-ray tube with a Rh anode has been acquired to supplement to existing Mo anode tube. Lower limits of detection have been determined to be in the ppm region for confocal geometry. The spectrometer has been characterized and tested using different samples. Furthermore, results have been compared with SR micro-XRF to show the capabilities and limitations of this spectrometer.

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Section: Synchrotron Radiation Induced Micro-xrf (Sr Micro-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal micro-x-ray fluorescence spectrometer for light element analysis

Smolek

Pemmer²,

Zoeger³

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…[11] Recently, a number of studies have also begun to explore the potential of scanning XRF technology for mapping of biological and geological materials, in order to understand the spatial, as well as the temporal variations in the elemental composition of geological materials [Civici, 1997;Fukumoto et al, 1999;Vekemans et al, 1999;Böning et al, 2007]. The primary limitation to the XRF mapping approach is the time required to produce the map.…”

Section: Scanning M-xrf Analysis Of Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13] Although visual examination of XRF sediment maps can provide valuable insights into the geochemical makeup and origin of sedimentary structures, methods which have been previously utilized for simplifying and interpreting multidimensional data sets, such as dimensionality reduction and image segmentation [Bonnet et al, 1997;Vekemans et al, 1999] can improve our understanding of these data sets. These methods can be particularly valuable in noisy data sets like the ones generated here.…”

Section: Multidimensional Analysis Of Xrf Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14] A number of methods have been developed for identifying the dominant phases from elemental maps in a variety of materials and have shown some success in automating image segmentation [e.g., Bonnet et al, 1997;Vekemans et al, 1999]. In the present study, we apply a procedure similar to that described by Vekemans et al [1999], in which principal components analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the large arrays of multispectral data into a few primary components explaining the majority of the variation in the data set. Data reduction of multispectral elemental maps into their principal components serves several purposes.…”

Section: Multidimensional Analysis Of Xrf Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scanning micro‐X‐ray fluorescence elemental mapping: A new tool for the study of laminated sediment records

Shanahan¹,

Overpeck

Hubeny

et al. 2008

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] The utility of elemental mapping by scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in the study of annual laminated sedimentary records was investigated on eight annually laminated sediment types. The examples were chosen to illustrate the potential of this approach in environments dominated by terrigenous, biological and chemical deposition. Individual laminae were identifiable in elemental maps of all sediment types and were enhanced through the use of data reduction techniques (e.g., principal components transformation). Laminae were least apparent in clastic dominated systems with no seasonal changes in sediment sources. In biologically dominated systems, element maps provided insights into the composition of the varve subcomponents, related to alternating terrigenous and biologically dominated seasonal periods of deposition. Chemically precipitated structures were more prevalent than expected from visual investigations alone and may provide an underutilized paleoenvironmental signature of changing limnological conditions. Elemental mapping offers a valuable tool for the study of laminated records that complements existing techniques (e.g., SEM, digital image analysis).

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“…The most commonly used method is the non-hierarchical K-means clustering algorithm. [19][20][21] The aim of the present study was to obtain quantitative information on the sorption capacity of the mineral phases responsible for the uptake of Nd(III). Because of the heterogeneity of the rock, microscopic studies (micro-XRF and SEM/EDX measurements) were necessary on the representative geological samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined X‐ray microanalytical study of the Nd uptake capability of argillaceous rocks

et al. 2015

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Argillaceous rocks are considered as suitable host rock formation to isolate the high‐level radioactive waste from the biosphere for thousands of years. Boda Claystone Formation, the possible host rock formation for the Hungarian high‐level radioactive waste repository, has geologically and mineralogically been studied in detail, but its physico‐chemical parameters describing the retention capability of the rock needed further examinations. Studies were performed on thin sections subjected to 72 h sorption experiments using inactive Nd(III). Nd(III) has been used as a chemical analogue for transuranium elements of the radioactive waste to examine the ion uptake capability of the micrometre size mineral phases occurring in the rock. The elemental mapping of synchrotron radiation‐based microscopic X‐ray fluorescence (micro‐XRF) combined with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM/EDX) has sufficient sensitivity to study the uptake capability of the different mineral phases on the microscale without the necessity of applying radioactive substances. Elemental maps were recorded on several thousand pixels using micrometre magnitude spatial resolution. By interleaving micro‐XRF and SEM/EDX data sets from the same sample area and applying multivariate methods, calcite and clay minerals could be identified as the main mineral phases responsible for Nd(III) uptake without using additional microscopic X‐ray diffraction mapping. It should be highlighted that the ion uptake capability of dolomite containing calcium and magnesium could be distinguished from the characteristics of calcite only by the interleaving of micro‐XRF and SEM/EDX data sets. The presence of minerals was verified by applying microscopic X‐ray diffraction point measurements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Automated segmentation of μ-XRF image sets

Cited by 72 publications

References 2 publications

Confocal micro-x-ray fluorescence spectrometer for light element analysis

Confocal micro-x-ray fluorescence spectrometer for light element analysis

Scanning micro‐X‐ray fluorescence elemental mapping: A new tool for the study of laminated sediment records

Combined X‐ray microanalytical study of the Nd uptake capability of argillaceous rocks

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