Automated implementation of windows-related security-configuration guides

Abstract

Hardening is the process of configuring IT systems to ensure the security of the systems' components and data they process or store. The complexity of contemporary IT infrastructures, however, renders manual security hardening and maintenance a daunting task.In many organizations, security-configuration guides expressed in the SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol) are used as a basis for hardening, but these guides by themselves provide no means for automatically implementing the required configurations.In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically extract the relevant information from publicly available security-configuration guides for Windows operating systems using natural language processing. In a second step, the extracted information is verified using the information of available settings stored in the Windows Administrative Template files, in which the majority of Windows configuration settings is defined.We show that our implementation of this approach can extract and implement 83% of the rules without any manual effort and 96% with minimal manual effort. Furthermore, we conduct a study with 12 state-of-the-art guides consisting of 2014 rules with automatic checks and show that our tooling can implement at least 97% of them correctly. We have thus significantly reduced the effort of securing systems based on existing security-configuration guides. CCS CONCEPTS• Security and privacy → Software security engineering; Usability in security and privacy; • Software and its engineering → Software configuration management and version control systems.

Hardening with Scapolite

“…Adding machine-readable information from which implementations and checks can be derived requires, of course, manual effort, but such effort would be necessary for generating separate implementation mechanism, as well. Furthermore, for some use-cases, semi-automated mechanisms for deriving machine-readable information from humanreadable text exist [26]. guides.…”

Automated Identification of Security-Relevant Configuration Settings Using NLP

“…Research about configuration is an essential part of the software engineering [1,6] as well as the security domain [4,10]. Stöckle et al demonstrated how one could use NLP to implement guides efficiently [9]. Most relevant for the problem of identifying sr settings is sentiment analysis, where we classify documents as being positive or negative, depending on the expressed sentiment [5].…”