Automated Identification of Optically Sensed Aphid (Homoptera: Aphidae) Wingbeat Waveforms

Moore, Aubrey; Miller, Ross H.

doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0001:aioosa]2.0.co;2

Cited by 74 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For the oscillatory property to be accessible the constellation of the particles either has to be sparse to an extent of single particle detection, such as in dilute single blinking molecule detection, or stars on the night sky, e.g., in astro-seismology -or coherent in phase, such as in the case of magnetic resonant imaging triggered by an alternating magnetic field. In entomology, the acquisition of the detailed modulation power spectrum from light scattered from insects has been demonstrated for species and gender recognition in laboratory settings [11,12]. Corresponding modulation spectra can be retrieved remotely by a CW laser radar system, as demonstrated in Fig.…”

Section: Classification and Information In Oscillatory Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SUPER RESOLUTION LASER RADAR WITH BLINKING ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES ---- APPLICATION TO INTERACTING FLYING INSECTS (Invited Paper)

Brydegaard¹,

Gebru²,

Svanberg³

2014

PIER

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Abstract-Assessment of biodiversity of pollinators on the landscape scale or estimation of fluxes of disease-transmitting biting midges constitutes a major technical challenge today. We have developed a laser-radar system for field entomology based on the so called Scheimpflug principle and a continuouswave laser. The sample-rate of this method is unconstrained by the round-trip time of the light, and the method allows assessment of the fast oscillatory insect wing-beats and harmonics over kilometers range, e.g., for species identification and relating abundances to the topography. Whereas range resolution in conventional lidars is limited by the pulse duration, systems of the Scheimpflug type are limited by the diffraction of the telescopes. However, in the case of sparse occurrence of the atmospheric insects, where the optical cross-section oscillates, estimation of the range and spacing between individuals with a precision beyond the diffraction limit is now demonstrated. This enables studies of insect interaction processes in-situ. REMOTE OPTICAL IN-SITU INSECT MONITORINGAlthough tiny in size, the massive number of insects makes them play a key role in most eco-systems around the globe. While the Western world experiences significant economic losses in agriculture due to lack of biodiversity and the colony collapse disorder of pollinators [1], disease vectors and pests are feared and, to a great extent, blamed for stagnating the development in tropical parts of the world.Whereas birds can be ring marked or tracked via GPS or sun loggers, only the very largest and least abundant insects can be equipped with electronic tags [2,3]. While research in the area of radar entomology has been conducted over several decades and numerous interesting applications have been described [4], laser radar (light detection and ranging; lidar) systems in the optical regime have the potential of achieving a far better sensitivity and address and classify even the tiniest insects, simply because most insects are much smaller than the wavelengths of microwaves used in radars but larger than the wavelengths of light. Further, optical off-the-shelf components allow spectral-and polarimetric target classification, providing molecular as well as microstructure information [5,6]. Along these lines our group has previously demonstrated lidar remote detection of insects labeled with fluorescent powders, e.g., for assessing dispersal rates on a landscape scale [7,8].Today a major limitation in ecological entomology is that insect abundance assessment is based on sweep nets, light-, pheromone-or CO 2 -traps. Placing and emptying the traps are tedious operations and constitute a major effort, and the results are known to be biased with respect to the species, sexes and age groups caught. Although trapping allows precise studies with microscopes, mass spectrometry

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Section: Classification and Information In Oscillatory Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The insects are thus classified by their full modulation spectra as in, e.g., [11]. In practical usage the fundamental frequency of the same species/sex is expected to vary with the ambient temperature, which must then be compensated for.…”

Section: Approaches and Reasons For Breaking The Diffraction Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

SUPER RESOLUTION LASER RADAR WITH BLINKING ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES ---- APPLICATION TO INTERACTING FLYING INSECTS (Invited Paper)

Brydegaard¹,

Gebru²,

Svanberg³

2014

PIER

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“…This flight tone is characteristic of a species and can sometimes be used to identify species or count individuals (Brogdon, 1998;Moore and Miller, 2002;Raman et al, 2007). For mosquitoes, however, the flight tone is more than a mere by-product of locomotion; it is a critical communication signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) flight tones: Frequency, harmonicity, spherical spreading, and phase relationships

Arthur

Emr

Wyttenbach

et al. 2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Mosquito flight produces a tone as a side effect of wing movement; this tone is also a communication signal that is frequency-modulated during courtship. Recordings of tones produced by tethered flying male and female Aedes aegypti were undertaken using pairs of pressure-gradient microphones above and below, ahead and behind, and to the left and right over a range of distances. Fundamental frequencies were close to those previously reported, although amplitudes were lower. The male fundamental frequency was higher than that of the female and males modulated it over a wider range. Analysis of harmonics shows that the first six partials were nearly always within 1 Hz of integer multiples of the fundamental, even when the fundamental was being modulated. Along the front-back axis, amplitude attenuated as a function of distance raised to the power 2.3. Front and back recordings were out of phase, as were above and below, while left and right were in phase.Recordings from ahead and behind showed quadratic phase coupling, while others did not. Finally, two methods are presented for separating simultaneous flight tones in a single recording and enhancing their frequency resolution. Implications for mosquito behavior are discussed.

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“…One technique involves acoustic methods in which insects such as grasshoppers and crickets are classified using signal analysis of the sounds they make (Chesmore and Nellenbach, 2001). Another technique involves using an optical sensor to measure the wingbeat waveforms of mosquitoes (Moore, 1991) and aphids (Moore and Miller, 2002).…”

Section: Previous Work On Automated Classification Of Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Aquatic Insect Imaging System to Automate Insect Classification

Sarpola¹,

Paasch²,

Mortensen³

et al. 2008

Transactions of the ASABE

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Automated Identification of Optically Sensed Aphid (Homoptera: Aphidae) Wingbeat Waveforms

Cited by 74 publications

References 13 publications

SUPER RESOLUTION LASER RADAR WITH BLINKING ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES ---- APPLICATION TO INTERACTING FLYING INSECTS (Invited Paper)

SUPER RESOLUTION LASER RADAR WITH BLINKING ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES ---- APPLICATION TO INTERACTING FLYING INSECTS (Invited Paper)

Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) flight tones: Frequency, harmonicity, spherical spreading, and phase relationships

An Aquatic Insect Imaging System to Automate Insect Classification

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