Automated Global Spatial Normalization Using Convex Hulls

Lancaster, Jack L.; Fox, Peter T.; Downs, J. Hunter; Nickerson, Daniel; Hander, Trish A.; Mallah, Mohammed El; Zamarripa, Frank

doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31575-1

Cited by 49 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Skull stripping of the 3-D MRI T 1 -weighted images was done using Alice software (Perceptive Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO). These images were then spatially normalized to the Talairach brain atlas (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988) using the Convex Hull algorithm (Lancaster et al, 1997;Lancaster et al, 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neural System Underlying Chinese Logograph Reading

et al. 2001

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Written Chinese as logographic script differs notably from alphabets such as English in visual form, orthography, phonology, and semantics. Thus, research on the Chinese language is important to advance our understanding of the universality and particularity of the organization of language systems in the brain. In this study, we examine the neural systems associated with logographic reading using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Two experimental tasks were devised, one based on semantic decision and the other on homophone decision. Compared to the fixation baseline, peak activations resulting from semantic as well as homophony decisions were localized in the left middle frontal gyrus (BA 9). Left inferior frontal cortex also mediated Chinese processing. In addition, more right hemisphere cortical regions (i.e., BAs 47/45, 7, 40/39, and the right visual system) were involved in reading Chinese relative to reading English. This is attributed to the square shape of the logograph which requires an elaborated analysis of the spatial information and locations of various strokes comprising the logographic character. We suggest that the left middle frontal area (BA 9) coordinates and integrates the intensive visuospatial analysis demanded by logographs' square configuration and the semantic (or phonological) analysis required by the present experimental tasks. Our study has implicated brain regions common to both logographic and alphabetic languages as well as brain regions specialized in processing logographs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neural System Underlying Chinese Logograph Reading

et al. 2001

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“…After global normalization [valuenormalized to whole brain mean activity and then scaled to an arbitrary mean of 1,000 (35-37)] of each individual PET scan image, interscan, intrasubject movement was assessed and corrected by using MCFLIRT (38). PET and magnetic resonance images were coregistered and spatially normalized to the Talairach and Tournoux atlas (39) by using an affine, nineparameter transformation (40,41). Images were spatially smoothed by using SPM2 (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique, common, and interacting cortical correlates of thirst and pain

Farrell

Egan

Zamarripa

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This study used positron-emission tomography to establish the patterns of brain activity involved in the isolated and concurrent experiences of thirst and pain. Ten subjects were scanned while experiencing pain evoked with noxious pressure, while experiencing thirst after the infusion of hypertonic saline, and while experiencing pain when thirsty. After the onset of thirst, noxious pressure evoked more intense sensations of pain. Noxious pressure did not change subjective ratings of thirst. Thirst caused activation in the anterior cingulate (Brodmann area 32) and the insula. Enhanced pain responses were associated with increased activity in cortical regions that are known to correlate with pain intensity, and also with unique activity in the pregenual anterior cingulate and ventral orbitofrontal cortex. These findings suggest a role for limbic and prefrontal cortices in the modulation of pain during the experience of thirst.interoception ͉ neuroimaging S ensations determined by interoceptors guide behaviors that maintain homeostasis. Experiences such as thirst, hunger, pain, and temperature sensation reflect imbalances of the internal state and have important implications for survival (1, 2). Interoceptive sensations can occur in tandem and create conflicts that are not resolved by a single behavior. Prevailing circumstances determine which internal imbalance requires the most urgent attention. Interoception would be more consistent with survival if competing sensations were modified to reflect relative priorities. To investigate competing interoceptive sensations, we measured brain activity during painful pressure and thirst, both in isolation and occurring concurrently.Changes in sensations determined by interoceptors in response to changing environmental circumstances can be described as context-dependent responses (3). Both appetitive and aversive drives shape the state of an organism, and these drives must be reconciled to make the most adaptive behavioral choice. The juxtaposition of pain and thirst is particularly suited to the investigation of human brain activity associated with contextdependent changes in responses to competing drives. Both pain and thirst can be manipulated in a time frame compatible with imaging protocols, the former being particularly amenable to rapid onset and offset. There is evidence that the respective sensations are modified by contextual factors, although pain and thirst have yet to be examined contemporaneously. Finally, the concurrence of conditions likely to stimulate osmoreceptors and nociceptors would conceivably be associated with conflicting implications for behavioral responses. Drinking can be deferred without detrimental effect, but ultimately thirst must be sated to avoid desiccation. The acute onset of pain has more immediate implications for tissue integrity than the early experience of thirst. For example, during mild to moderate thirst, withdrawal from noxious stimuli would be more likely if thirst is decreased and͞or pain is increased. Furthermore, the opposit...

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“…These images were then spatially normalized to the Talairach brain atlas using the Convex Hull algorithm. 20 To obtain the activation maps, for each subject, functional images were separated into the experimental, happy or sad, and control conditions. Images from the first 9 s of each condition were excluded from further functional data processing to minimize the transit effects of hemodynamic responses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subjects were eight male and eight female righthanded postgraduate students (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) 39)) (P40.05), with no history of neurological or psychiatric illness, and normal visual field and attention. Subjects were excluded if they ever had any head injury, neurological illness, or psychiatric illness.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural activities associated with emotion recognition observed in men and women

et al. 2004

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Previous studies have suggested that men and women process emotional stimuli differently. In this study, we examined if there would be any consistency in regions of activation in men and women when processing stimuli portraying happy or sad emotions presented in the form of facial expressions, scenes, and words. A blocked design BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm was employed to monitor the neural activities of male and female healthy volunteers while they were presented with the experimental stimuli. The imaging data revealed that the right insula and left thalamus were consistently activated for men, but not women, during emotion recognition of all forms of stimuli studied. To further understand the imaging data acquired, we conducted the protocol analysis method to identify the cognitive processes engaged while the men and women were viewing the emotional stimuli and deciding whether they were happy or sad. The findings suggest that men rely on the recall of past emotional experiences to evaluate current emotional experiences. This may explain why the insula, a structure important for self-induced or internally generated recalled emotions, was consistently activated in men while processing emotional stimuli. Our findings suggest possible gender-related neural responses to emotional stimuli. Keywords: emotion; gender; functional magnetic resonance imaging; neuroscience; neuropsychology; emotion recognition It is a common belief that women are more emotional than men. Do men and women, then, process emotional stimuli differently? Sex differences in brain anatomy 1,2 and cognition 3,4 have been increasingly documented. For example, Gur et al 5 observed that women have larger orbital frontal cortices than men and speculated that women have greater tissue volume available for modulating amygdala input leading to gender differences in emotional behavior, particularly aggression. However, studies addressing sex differences in neural activity associated with processing emotional stimuli remain scarce.Kesler/West et al 6 used fMRI to investigate explicit processing of facial emotions including happiness and sadness. They observed that men showed greater left hemispheric activation when observing sad faces than when observing happy faces. No such differences between the emotions in either hemisphere existed among women. Lane et al 7 used PET to study the neural correlates of pleasant and unpleasant emotions, and observed both common and unique components of the neural networks mediating the emotions in healthy women. Canli et al 8 studied sex differences in the neural basis of emotional memories and observed that women had significantly more brain regions than men in which greater activation correlated with both emotional-intensity ratings and better recognition memory for the most emotionally intense picture selected from the International Affective Picture Series (IAPS) 9 and by successful encoding of that experience into long-term memory. In a prior study, Lee et al 10 examined the effect of sex on ...

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Automated Global Spatial Normalization Using Convex Hulls

Cited by 49 publications

References 2 publications

The Neural System Underlying Chinese Logograph Reading

The Neural System Underlying Chinese Logograph Reading

Unique, common, and interacting cortical correlates of thirst and pain

Neural activities associated with emotion recognition observed in men and women

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