Automated Epidermal Thickness Quantification of
            <i>in Vitro</i>
            Human Skin Equivalents Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Sanchez, Martina M.; Orneles, Danielle N; Park, B Hyle; Morgan, Joshua T.

doi:10.2144/btn-2021-0123

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although HSE research has been well developed to recreate the dermal and epidermal layers using fibroblasts and keratinocytes, novel co-culture systems are needed to recapitulate human anatomy more closely [ 55 ] and mimic trophic factor exchange of different cell populations in vivo [ 40 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Building on our previously published protocol generating vascularized HSE (VHSE) [ 59 , 60 ], here we demonstrate inclusion of a hypodermis, which we term adipose and vascular human skin equivalent (AVHSE), and demonstrate suitability for UVA photoaging studies. Multi-cellular skin models similar to this AVHSE have been previously explored but with fewer cell types, much shorter culture lengths, and little to no volumetric characterization [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Development of a Vascularized Human Skin Equivalent with Hypodermis for Photoaging Studies

et al. 2022

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Photoaging is an important extrinsic aging factor leading to altered skin morphology and reduced function. Prior work has revealed a connection between photoaging and loss of subcutaneous fat. Currently, primary models for studying this are in vivo (human samples or animal models) or in vitro models, including human skin equivalents (HSEs). In vivo models are limited by accessibility and cost, while HSEs typically do not include a subcutaneous adipose component. To address this, we developed an “adipose-vascular” HSE (AVHSE) culture method, which includes both hypodermal adipose and vascular cells. Furthermore, we tested AVHSE as a potential model for hypodermal adipose aging via exposure to 0.45 ± 0.15 mW/cm2 385 nm light (UVA). One week of 2 h daily UVA exposure had limited impact on epidermal and vascular components of the AVHSE, but significantly reduced adiposity by approximately 50%. Overall, we have developed a novel method for generating HSE that include vascular and adipose components and demonstrated potential as an aging model using photoaging as an example.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Development of a Vascularized Human Skin Equivalent with Hypodermis for Photoaging Studies

et al. 2022

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“…OSCs are highly customizable and allow for control of organotypic cell populations, genotypes, and culture conditions to enable carefully controlled studies on tissue-level biology. OSCs have the capacity to be used for in depth aging studies without the dangers of human trials or expensive animal models; with long-term culture stability for chronic studies (typical culture lengths of 8-12 weeks) [91][92][93]. Most commonly, OSCs contain dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes and are cultured at an air-liquid interface for epidermal differentiation and stratification.…”

Section: Tissue Engineered Skin Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower elasticity, increased fragility, and wrinkle formation [47,50,53,54] Increased collagen disorganization, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, and changes in (GAG) and (PG) concentrations/organization [49,53,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61] Flattening of the dermal epidermal junction [50,52] Decreased dermal vasculature [62] Reduced subcutaneous fat volume [50] Increased cellular senescence [49,63] Decreased cell population and turnover, including melanocytes, epidermal cells, dermal fibroblasts, and immune cells [50,63,64] Reduced barrier function coupled with changes in the stratum corneum, lipid composition, and filaggrin expression [65][66][67][68][69] [ 71,94,95]. These include vascular endothelial cells [92,93,[96][97][98][99][100][101], immune cells [102][103][104][105], adipose derived stem cells and adipocytes from adipose derived stem cells [106][107]…”

Section: Prominent Aging Phenotypes Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, changes in vasculature are prevalent in aged skin, but OSCs often lack vascular cells. While progress has been made in vascularizing OSCs and related models [92,93,96,97,99,100,141,[144][145][146], there is still a great deal of work to be done in applying this to aging questions.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, with the growth of interest in heterogeneous cell-cell communication, an increasing number of models have been demonstrated with additional cell populations [ 71 , 94 , 95 ]. These include vascular endothelial cells [ 92 , 93 , 96 – 101 ], immune cells [ 102 – 105 ], adipose derived stem cells and adipocytes from adipose derived stem cells [ 106 – 108 ], embryonic stem cells [ 71 ], melanocytes [ 109 – 111 ] and melanocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells [ 112 ]. With this customizability and a growing number of accessible protocols, OSCs represent a useful tool for studying skin aging; exemplar applications are discussed below, first for disease generally and then with aging specifically.…”

Section: Demonstrative Organotypic Models Relevant To Aging Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Organotypic cultures as aging associated disease models

Sanchez

Bagdasarian

Darch

et al. 2022

Aging

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Aging remains a primary risk factor for a host of diseases, including leading causes of death. Aging and associated diseases are inherently multifactorial, with numerous contributing factors and phenotypes at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal scales. Despite the complexity of aging phenomena, models currently used in aging research possess limitations. Frequently used in vivo models often have important physiological differences, age at different rates, or are genetically engineered to match late disease phenotypes rather than early causes. Conversely, routinely used in vitro models lack the complex tissue-scale and systemic cues that are disrupted in aging. To fill in gaps between in vivo and traditional in vitro models, researchers have increasingly been turning to organotypic models, which provide increased physiological relevance with the accessibility and control of in vitro context. While powerful tools, the development of these models is a field of its own, and many aging researchers may be unaware of recent progress in organotypic models, or hesitant to include these models in their own work. In this review, we describe recent progress in tissue engineering applied to organotypic models, highlighting examples explicitly linked to aging and associated disease, as well as examples of models that are relevant to aging. We specifically highlight progress made in skin, gut, and skeletal muscle, and describe how recently demonstrated models have been used for aging studies or similar phenotypes. Throughout, this review emphasizes the accessibility of these models and aims to provide a resource for researchers seeking to leverage these powerful tools.

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Optical coherence tomography for in vivo longitudinal monitoring of artificial dermal scaffold

et al. 2023

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Objectives: Artificial dermal scaffold (ADS) has undergone rapid development and been increasingly used for treating skin wound in clinics due to its good biocompatibility, controllable degradation, and low risk of disease infection. To obtain good treatment efficacy, ADS needs to be monitored longitudinally during the treatment process. For example, scaffold-tissue fit, cell in-growth, vascular regeneration, and scaffold degradation are the key properties to be inspected. However, to date, there are no effective, real-time, and noninvasive techniques to meet the requirement of the scaffold monitoring above. Materials and Methods: In this study, we propose to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to monitor ADS in vivo through three-dimensional imaging. A swept source OCT system with a handheld probe was developed for in vivo skin imaging. Moreover, a cell in-growth, vascular regeneration, and scaffold degradation rate (IRDR) was defined with the volume reduction rate of the scaffold's collagen sponge layer. To measure the IRDR, a semiautomatic image segmentation algorithm was designed based on U-Net to segment the collagen sponge layer of the scaffold from OCT images. Results: The results show that the scaffold-tissue fit can be clearly visualized under OCT imaging. The IRDR can be computed based on the volume of the segmented collagen sponge layer. It is observed that the IRDR appeared to a linear function of the time and in addition, the IRDR varied among different skin parts. Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that OCT has a good potential to monitor ADS in vivo. This can help guide the clinicians to control the treatment with ADS to improve the therapy.

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Automated Epidermal Thickness Quantification of in Vitro Human Skin Equivalents Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Development of a Vascularized Human Skin Equivalent with Hypodermis for Photoaging Studies

Development of a Vascularized Human Skin Equivalent with Hypodermis for Photoaging Studies

Organotypic cultures as aging associated disease models

Optical coherence tomography for in vivo longitudinal monitoring of artificial dermal scaffold

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