Automated Detection and Extraction of Brain Tumor from MRI Images

Abstract

Image segmentation algorithms and techniques find its applications in a wide number of domains. Segmentation of brain tumor and overall internal structure of the brain is one of the main applications in the field of medical imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique is one of the many imaging modalities that are available to scan and capture the internal soft tissue structures of the body. In this paper, proposed technique has been given to extract the tumor portion, successfully demarcate the tumor boundary, locate the tumor with a bounding circle and to diagnose whether the tumor is present or absent. A fuzzy clustering-based technique is proposed which helps to study & analyze the intricate structure of the brain, hence can be used as a visual analysis and a study tool. General TermsImage Processing, Pattern Recognition Keywords MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging, image segmentation, fuzzy clustering, thresholding INTRODUCTIONMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique is one of the many available imaging modalities like CT-Scan, Mammography, and X-Ray. It provides visual details about the anatomy and the overall structure of the brain. An MRI scan can be used to study the supply of blood inside the brain. Hence MRI technology becomes an important tool for detecting abnormality, tracking the progress or growth of the disease and for diagnosis too. Processing digital images by means of a digital computer comprises digital image processing domain [1].Brain tumors are caused due to abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells. Primary tumors are those that originate in the brain. Secondary tumors are those that originate in some other part of the body, finally reaching the brain through the process of metastasis.The symptoms of brain tumors include headache, nausea, vomiting, personality and behavioral changes, memory loss, sensory disturbance, weakness, numbness [2]. MRI ScanMRI is a fairly new technique that has been used since the beginning of the 1980s. The MRI scanner uses magnetic and radio waves to create pictures of tissues, organs and other structures within the body, which can then be viewed on a computer. There is no exposure to X-rays or any other damaging forms of radiation in MRI.The pictures produced by an MRI scan are better in displaying fine details and therefore are of higher diagnostic quality when compared to more frequently used X-ray scanners for example. Utility of MRI ImagesUsing an MRI scanner, it is possible to make pictures of almost all the tissue in the body. The tissue that has the least hydrogen atoms (such as bones) turns out dark, while the tissue that has many hydrogen atoms (such as fatty tissue) looks much brighter.By changing the timing of the radio wave pulses, it is possible to gain information about the different types of tissues that are present.An MRI of the brain and spinal cord can be performed to look at different abnormalities, as it can provide clear images of these structures in spite of being surrounded by bone tissue. Changes within the tissues of brain, ...

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