Automated chemical analysis: update on continuous-flow approach

Flow Analysers

“…In segmented flow analysis [2,3], the sample and the carrier/wash solutions are sequentially aspirated from an auto-sampler towards the analytical path (reaction manifold), and the main stream undergoes segmentation after merging with a confluent gaseous stream (e.g., air and nitrogen). The required reagents are added downstream (Fig.…”

“…Another possibility is to take advantage of the bubble gating approach [2,5], which involves switching off the emergent radiation beam output when a bubble is present in the flow cell ( Fig. 5.4).…”

“…3.12) leads to an increase in the length of the entire sample zone. This does not result in a broader recorded peak, however, because the sample linear speed is 2 Non-ionic surfactant, (C 2 H 4 O) 23 increased, and the sample passes through the flow cell in a similar time (Fig. 5.7).…”

High‐Throughput Experimentation: A Powerful Enabling Technology for the Chemicals and Materials Industry

“…[16] Xytel Corporation (Elk Grove Village, IL) [17] developed automated microreactor systems with two reactor systems and PC-based control and operation, for the evaluation of catalysts. [18] Several research groups developed automated and/or parallel experimentation equipment [19][20][21][22][23] for use in synthetic chemistry, [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] analysis of reagents/products, [35,36] implementation of combinations of synthesis and analytical methods, [37] and computer programs for experimental planning, optimization, and visualization. [38][39][40][41] Lindsey and co-workers (Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University), developed approaches for the application of parallel techniques to solution-phase organic synthesis, which are commonly used for synthesizing small molecule organic compounds, polymers, resins and resin precursors, and many other materials of interest to the chemical and materials industry.…”

Distinction and quantification of carry‐over and sample interaction in gas segmented continuous flow analysis

“…Although it has been known for many years that segmentation gas bubbles [1,2] reduce carry-over, sample interaction and dispersion, the relative importance of intersample air segmentation to overall reagent gas segmentation has not been fully appreciated. The aim of this study was to quantify the contribution ofintersample air segmentation in reducing carry-over, sample interaction and sample dispersion.…”