Automated chemical analysis in fish health assessment*

Smith, Albert C.; Ramos, Franklin

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02777.x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Osmolarity was determined by freezing point depression of 0-25 ml of serum using a Fiske* osmometer. All other serum chemistry values (total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, alkahne phosphatase, SGPT, SGOT, LDH, CPK, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium and chloride) were determined by a commercial laboratory using a Technicon Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer (SMAC) (Alexander & Ingram 1980;Smith & Ramos 1980).…”

Section: Haematology and Clinical Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capture-related deaths in fish have been attributed to anoxia (Hall 1930;Pawson & Lockwood 1980) or lactic acidosis (Black 1958;Beamish 1966;Wardle 1978). Delayed mortalities following capture in fish have been attributed to disseminated intravascular coagulation (Smith 1980), loss of osmotic homeostasis (Stevens 1972;Pic, Mayer-Gustan & Maetz 1974, 1975Eddy 1981;Pawson & Lockwood 1980;Sleet & Weber 1982), muscle myopathy and renal tubular necrosis (Roberts, McQueen, Shearer & Young 1973;Harthoorn & Young 1974), or secondary bacterial or viral infection (Mazeaud et al 1977). Studies by Beggs, Holeton & Crossman (1980) and Wood, Turner & Graham (1983) indicate that the initial osmotic imbalance and high serum lactate levels are not major contributors to delayed mortality in stressed fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of delayed capture mortality syndrome in skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (1).

Bourke

Brock

Nakamura

1987

Journal of Fish Diseases

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This study was initiated to determine the cause(s) of delayed mortality in newly captured skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (L.), being held at the National Marine Fisheries Service Kewalo Research Facility. Sixty-four per cent of 244 skipjack tuna delivered to the facility died, usually on the second or third day after capture. The capture history, morphological data, serum chemistry (21 standard parameters), haematology, and histological samples of major organs, were obtained from 30 fish sampled at sea immediately after capture, or after approximately 4,9,24,48 or 500+ h in captivity. The cause(s) of death in these fish could not be attributed to anoxia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, lactic acidosis, capture myopathy or infection. Post-capture haemodilution is hypothesized as a major factor of delayed capture mortality syndrome in skipjack tuna.

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Section: Haematology and Clinical Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of delayed capture mortality syndrome in skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (1).

Bourke

Brock

Nakamura

1987

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…The decrease in the SH,, activity shows not only the loss of the state of health but also the depletion of defensive potency by the decrease of the bactericidal activity. Hence, the haemolytic response of serum implies that the SH,, activity is one of the more practical parameters for fish health assessment, even though several parameters involving whole blood analysis (Blaxhall, 1972;Buckley et al, 1976;Buckley, 1977;Kawatsu & Sakai, 1980), plasma or serum analyses (Chan & Woo, 1978;Furuichi & Yone, 1981) and serum enzyme activities (Gordon, 1968;Smith & Ramos, 1980) have been investigated.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simple reliable parameter for the assessment of the health of fish is desirable but not available. Several blood parameters (Gordon, 1968;Blaxhall, 1972;Smith & Ramos, 1980) have been investigated but because of marked inter-and intra-species variability this work has been slow. A study on possible components playing a role in the defence mechanisms is required for the understanding of defensive properties and for health assessment in fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lytic and bactericidal properties of salmonid sera

Sakai¹

1983

Journal of Fish Biology

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There are two types of haemolytic activity against heterologous red blood cells in the sera of fishes including salmonids: a specific antibody-dependent complement-mediate activity ' CH,, ' and a natural, non-specific activity ' SH,, '. Sera of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, masu salmon, 0. masou, rainbow trout and steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, were assayed for CH,, and SH,, activities by incubation at 30" C for 60 min with goldfish red blood cells (GFRBC) sensitized with the rainbow trout antiGFRBC serum and unsensitized GFRBC for CH,, and SH,,, respectively. SH,, activity was usually half that of CH,, in each serum. In healthy. individuals, both CH,, and SH,, activities were confined to a narrow range specific for each species. While EDTA abolished both haemolytic activities, moieties of the activities remained in the presence of EGTA. Incubation with lipopolysaccharide and zymosan reduced both CH,, and SH,, activities. Fish serum possessed a natural, powerful bactericidal action, which for Aeromonas salmonicida was proportional to the level of SH,, activity. Changes in the SH,, activity were related to starvation and infectious diseases. The SH,, activity decreased as the diseases (furunculosis and vibriosis) progressed.

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“…Dry chemistry analysis systems are standardized and automated to reduce variation in results. They are used routinely in human and veterinary medicine, and have been documented to be accurate for fish samples (Warner et al 1978;Warner et al 1979;Smith and Ramos 1980). Globulin was calculated from the difference between the total protein and albumin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematology and Plasma Chemistry Values for Production Tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid) Raised in a Recirculation System

Hrubec¹,

Smith²

2000

International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture

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Tilapia are a frequently aquacultured fish, yet little is known about their normal physiology and response to disease. To assess specific diseases in mammals, blood constituents are routinely analyzed and compared to previously determined standardized values. Research to establish hematologic values for normal healthy fish is required before blood analysis can be used for diagnostic purposes in fishes. This study determined hematology and plasma chemistry values for production tilapia (Oreochromis hybrids) raised in a recirculation system. Using standard clinical techniques, the following hematologic parameters were determined: PCV (packed cell volume), plasma protein and MCV (mean cell volume) values; and erythrocyte, leukocyte, lymphocyte (small and large), neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, thrombocyte-like-cell, and thrombocyte numbers. Additionally, the following plasma chemistry values were determined: total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, total bilirubin, ALP (alkaline phosphatase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, ammonia and osmolality. Analysis of blood parameters can enhance production of hybrid tilapia by providing a means for the early detection of infectious diseases, and by assisting in the identification of sub-clinical conditions affecting production performance.

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Automated chemical analysis in fish health assessment*

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

A study of delayed capture mortality syndrome in skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (1).

A study of delayed capture mortality syndrome in skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (1).

Lytic and bactericidal properties of salmonid sera

Hematology and Plasma Chemistry Values for Production Tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid) Raised in a Recirculation System

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