Automated Bedside Measurement of Penile Blood Flow Using Pulse-Volume Plethysmography

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is used to estimate the skin blood flow using infrared light. Researchers from different domains of science have become increasingly interested in PPG because of its advantages as non-invasive, inexpensive, and convenient diagnostic tool. Traditionally, it measures the oxygen saturation, blood pressure, cardiac output, and for assessing autonomic functions. Moreover, PPG is a promising technique for early screening of various atherosclerotic pathologies and could be helpful for regular GP-assessment but a full understanding of the diagnostic value of the different features is still lacking. Recent studies emphasise the potential information embedded in the PPG waveform signal and it deserves further attention for its possible applications beyond pulse oximetry and heart-rate calculation. Therefore, this overview discusses different types of artifact added to PPG signal, characteristic features of PPG waveform, and existing indexes to evaluate for diagnoses.

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“…As shown in Table I , the general plethysmograph types are: water [4-8], air, strain gauge, impedance, and photoelectric.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Analysis of Fingertip Photoplethysmogram Signals

Elgendi

2012

CCR

913

609

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“…For instance, the PBI, which was first proposed in 1971, 10,34 has been reported to have a high rate of error in distinguishing vasculogenic from non-vasculogenic ED. 16 On the other hand, although the Rigiscan is regarded as a reliable tool in assessment of erectile function since 1985, 4,9,24 it requires an erectile penis the rigidity of which may vary with the degree of stimulation and also with the psychological status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PBI was calculated by dividing systolic blood pressure (SBP) of left arm with that of the penis. 10,34 After deflation of the penile cuff and reconnecting the rubber tubing to the PAWA system, a cuff pressure of 80 mmHg was applied to the penis for 4 min during which the arterial waveform signals were acquired, which served as the baseline (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Pawa For Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6,30,31 Preliminary clinical evaluation of ED includes a detailed history-taking and an assessment of serum testosterone level. On the other hand, although a number of assessment tools of penile hemodynamics including Penile Brachial Index (PBI), plethysmography, photoplethysmography (PPG), pulse volume recording, 10,12,27,32,34 Rigiscan, 4,9,24 and Duplex sonography 17,22 have been proposed, their popularity is restricted either by limited sensitivity or a high cost of the equipment. The development of a clinically easyto-operate and reliable investigative tool, therefore, is needed for the evaluation of penile vascular integrity to guide appropriate medical or surgical treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Penile Arterial Waveform Analyzer for Assessing Penile Vascular Function in Young Adults

Lee

Chen

et al. 2011

Ann Biomed Eng

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Not only does erectile dysfunction (ED) reflect penile vascular disorder in the majority of patients, but it also implicates their high systemic cardiovascular risk. Based on the principle of reactive hyperemia after a brief period of penile ischemia, in this study, we tested the validity of a new Penile Arterial Waveform Analyzer (PAWA) in assessing the relative increase in post-ischemic penile perfusion. Twenty young adult males (mean age 24.24 ± 2.45) without known history of cardiovascular diseases were recruited, whose anthropometric characteristics were recorded and their serum testosterone levels as well as biochemical profiles were determined. A penile cuff was applied to each subject, with cuff pressure being increased from 80 to 250 mmHg, each for 4 min, followed by reperfusion for 7 min. By dividing the area under waveform contour of hyperemic and baseline signals after Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), a Penile Perfusion Index (PPI) was calculated. Penile Brachial Index (PBI) was also obtained for comparison. The results not only showed a significant agreement between PPI and serum testosterone levels, but also a superiority of PPI to PBI in distinguishing the high- and low-risk groups for potential ED (PPI: p = 0.039 vs. PBI: p = 0.147). PPI was also demonstrated to show significant correlations with waist circumference (p < 0.001), body mass index (p = 0.005), body weight, total triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and systolic and diastolic pressures (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, we proposed a portable and easy-to-operate system in assessing the relative increase in penile perfusion after brief ischemia. The PPI thus obtained correlated significantly with serum testosterone levels as well as key anthropometric and serum biochemical parameters even in apparently healthy young adults, suggesting its potential as a sensitive tool in monitoring penile vascular function and risk for ED.

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“…A previous study demonstrated that the PBI values obtained by the device signifi cantly correlated with the data obtained by Doppler ultrasound measurement. 6 The PBI could be repeatedly measured with this device without manual manipulation during surgery.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Penile Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of pelvic hemodynamics during an open repair of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm

et al. 2010

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Automated Bedside Measurement of Penile Blood Flow Using Pulse-Volume Plethysmography

Abstract: The form PWV/ABI is a useful tool for assessing pelvic hemodynamics and diagnosing vasculogenic impotence.

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

On the Analysis of Fingertip Photoplethysmogram Signals

On the Analysis of Fingertip Photoplethysmogram Signals

Penile Arterial Waveform Analyzer for Assessing Penile Vascular Function in Young Adults

Assessment of pelvic hemodynamics during an open repair of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm

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