Autologous cell-free serum preparations in the management of knee osteoarthritis: what is the current clinical evidence?

Angadi, Darshan; Macdonald, Hamish; Atwal, Navraj

doi:10.1186/s43019-020-00036-5

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Osteoarthritis (OA) has a multifactorial etiology, including aging, obesity, previous injury, female, hormone level, and epigenetics [1][2][3]. The articular cartilages receive their nutrients by synovial fluid infiltration, which make it difficult for the cartilage to repair after injury [4,5]. The chondrocyte is the primary cell type in cartilage tissue, making up only 5-10% of the total mass [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art: The Immunomodulatory Role of MSCs for Osteoarthritis

Kwon

Kim

Jeon

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Osteoarthritis (OA) has generally been introduced as a degenerative disease; however, it has recently been understood as a low-grade chronic inflammatory process that could promote symptoms and accelerate the progression of OA. Current treatment strategies, including corticosteroid injections, have no impact on the OA disease progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based therapy seem to be in the spotlight as a disease-modifying treatment because this strategy provides enlarged anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects. Currently, bone marrow, adipose derived, synovium-derived, and Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs are the most widely used types of MSCs in the cartilage engineering. MSCs exert immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive, antiapoptotic, and chondrogenic effects mainly by paracrine effect. Because MSCs disappear from the tissue quickly after administration, recently, MSCs-derived exosomes received the focus for the next-generation treatment strategy for OA. MSCs-derived exosomes contain a variety of miRNAs. Exosomal miRNAs have a critical role in cartilage regeneration by immunomodulatory function such as promoting chondrocyte proliferation, matrix secretion, and subsiding inflammation. In the future, a personalized exosome can be packaged with ideal miRNA and proteins for chondrogenesis by enriching techniques. In addition, the target specific exosomes could be a gamechanger for OA. However, we should consider the off-target side effects due to multiple gene targets of miRNA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art: The Immunomodulatory Role of MSCs for Osteoarthritis

Kwon

Kim

Jeon

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Currently, joint-conserving treatments such as stem cell surgery are commonly used to repair damaged joint cartilage and arthritis. Recently, efforts have been made to preserve joints using nonsurgical methods [ 7 ]. Herein, we intend to review past and present research that has examined the clinical applications of arthritis therapy to suggest possible therapeutic options for the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, present, and future of cartilage restoration: from localized defect to arthritis

Lee

Kim

et al. 2022

Knee Surg & Relat Res

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Background Osteoarthritis, one of the most common joint diseases, is characterized by the loss of joint function due to articular cartilage destruction. Herein, we review current and previous research involving the clinical applications of arthritis therapy and suggest potential therapeutic options for osteoarthritis in the future. Past, present, and future treatment The arthroscopic cartilage regeneration procedure or realignment osteotomy has been performed as a joint-conserving procedure in cases where conservative treatment for damaged articular cartilage and early osteoarthritis failed. If cartilage regeneration is ineffective or if the joint damage progresses, arthroplasty is the main treatment option. The need for biological arthritis treatment has expanded as the healthy lifespan of the global population has increased. Accordingly, minimally invasive surgical treatment has been developed for the treatment of damaged cartilage and early osteoarthritis. However, patients generally prefer to avoid all types of surgery, including minimally invasive surgery. Therefore, in the future, the treatment of osteoarthritis will likely involve injection or medication. Conclusion Currently, arthritis management primarily involves the surgical application of therapeutic agents to the joints. However, nonsurgical or prophylactic methods are expected to become mainstream arthritis therapies in the future.

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“…Bone (19), bone marrow (20), synovium (21,22), adipose tissue (23), cord blood (24), are well known sources (25)(26)(27). Additionally, the nasal septum, muscle, and cartilage serve as stem cell sources for musculoskeletal regeneration (28)(29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemovac blood after total knee arthroplasty as a source of stem cells

et al. 2020

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Background: With increasing life expectancy, stem cell therapy is receiving increasing attention. However, its application is restricted by ethical concerns. Hence a need exists for design of safe procedures for stem cell procurement. Here, we investigated whether hemovac blood (HVB) is an appropriate stem cell source.Methods: HVB concentrates (HVBCs) from 20 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) concentrates (BMACs) from 15 patients who underwent knee cartilage repair were comparatively evaluated. A bone marrow aspiration needle was inserted into the anterior superior iliac spine. Aspiration was performed using a 50-mL syringe, including 4 mL of anticoagulant, followed by centrifugation to obtain BMACs. To obtain HVBCs, blood was aspirated from the hemovac immediately after TKA surgery. Different cell types were enumerated. Isolation of BMA and HVB mononuclear cells was performed using density gradient centrifugation. Non-hematopoietic fibroblast colonies were quantified by colony forming unit-fibroblast assay surface marker analysis of HVB, HVBC, BMA, and BMAC was performed via flow cytometry. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from HVBCs and BMACs were examined for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results: The number of cells from HVB and HVBC was significantly lower than from BMA and BMAC; however, the number of colonies in HVBC and BMAC did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Isolated cells from both sources had a fibroblast-like appearance, adhered to culture flasks, and formed colonies. Under different culture conditions, MSC-specific surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105), osteogenic markers [RUNX2, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] and adipogenic markers (PPARγ and C/EBPα) were expressed. Moreover, SOX9, type II collagen, and aggrecan were significantly upregulated upon chondrogenic differentiation.Conclusions: HVB from TKA patients is a useful source of stem cells for research.

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Autologous cell-free serum preparations in the management of knee osteoarthritis: what is the current clinical evidence?

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

State of the Art: The Immunomodulatory Role of MSCs for Osteoarthritis

State of the Art: The Immunomodulatory Role of MSCs for Osteoarthritis

Past, present, and future of cartilage restoration: from localized defect to arthritis

Hemovac blood after total knee arthroplasty as a source of stem cells

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