Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Petranović Ovčariček, Petra; Görges, Rainer; Giovanella, Luca

doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.11.002

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the cohort of GD patients is insufficient. Another possible explanation is that although TgAb and TPOAb are found in part GD patients, TRAb is the most relevant autoantibody to GD [ 41 ]. The present study has certain limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNA CircZNF644 Facilitates Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells Response in Patients with Graves’ Disease

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Journal of Immunology Research

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Aberrant accumulation of circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) has been found in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Graves’ disease (GD) patients. However, the underlying mechanism that contributes to the imbalance of cTfh cells remains unknown. Previously, studies described a GD‐related circular RNAs (circRNAs)‐circZNF644 that might be associated with cTfh cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of circZNF644 on cTfh cells in GD patients. Here, we found that circZNF644 was highly stable expression in the PBMCs of GD patients, which was positively correlated with the serum levels of TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAb). Knockdown of circZNF644 caused a reduction of the proportion of cTfh cells in vitro. Mechanistically, circZNF644 served as a ceRNA for miR‐29a‐3p to promote ICOS expression, resulting in increased cTfh cells. In the PBMCs of GD patients, circZNF644 expression was positively correlated with ICOS expression and the percentage of cTfh cells, but negatively related to miR‐29a‐3p expression. Additionally, a strong relationship between circZNF644 and IL‐21 was revealed in GD patients, and silencing of circZNF644 inhibited IL‐21 expression. Our study elucidated that elevated expression of circZNF644 is a key feature in the development of GD and may contribute to the pathogenic role of cTfh cells in GD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNA CircZNF644 Facilitates Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells Response in Patients with Graves’ Disease

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…Hyperthyroidism in patients who were confirmed with EMTs was identified on admission based on blood assays; however, a normal thyroid function might not exclude an increase iodine uptake in EMTs or in eutopic thyroids (with suppression of the other tissue); thus, the functional imagery might prove an important point in the matter of thyroid tissue exploration [140][141][142]. For instance, Kumaresan et al [99] showed in a young lady an autonomous activity of the EMT according to 99m-technetium pertechnetate scintigraphy that suppressed the uptake of the eutopic tissue (yet, associating an overall normal thyroid function according to the blood assays on first admission); a recovery of normal thyroid gland function was registered when the scintigraphy was repeated six weeks following EMT removal [99].…”

Section: Proposed 10-item Algorithm Of Emt Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalized Management of Malignant and Non-Malignant Ectopic Mediastinal Thyroid: A Proposed 10-Item Algorithm Approach

Carsote,

Ciobica,

Sima

et al. 2024

Cancers

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We aimed to analyze the management of the ectopic mediastinal thyroid (EMT) with respect to EMT-related cancer and non-malignant findings related to the pathological report, clinical presentation, imaging traits, endocrine profile, connective tissue to the cervical (eutopic) thyroid gland, biopsy or fine needle aspiration (FNA) results, surgical techniques and post-operatory outcome. This was a comprehensive review based on revising any type of freely PubMed-accessible English, full-length original papers including the keywords “ectopic thyroid” and “mediastinum” from inception until March 2024. We included 89 original articles that specified EMTs data. We classified them into four main groups: (I) studies/case series (n = 10; N = 36 EMT patients); (II) malignant EMTs (N = 22 subjects; except for one newborn with immature teratoma in the EMT, only adults were reported; mean age of 62.94 years; ranges: 34 to 90 years; female to male ratio of 0.9). Histological analysis in adults showed the following: papillary (N = 11/21); follicular variant of the papillary type (N = 2/21); Hürthle cell thyroid follicular malignancy (N = 1/21); poorly differentiated (N = 1/21); anaplastic (N = 2/21); medullary (N = 1/21); lymphoma (N = 2/21); and MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) (N = 1/21); (III) benign EMTs with no thyroid anomalies (N = 37 subjects; mean age of 56.32 years; ranges: 30 to 80 years; female to male ratio of 1.8); (IV) benign EMTs with thyroid anomalies (N = 23; female to male ratio of 5.6; average age of 52.1 years). This panel involved clinical/subclinical hypothyroidism (iatrogenic, congenital, thyroiditis-induced, and transitory type upon EMT removal); thyrotoxicosis (including autonomous activity in EMTs that suppressed eutopic gland); autoimmune thyroiditis/Graves’s disease; nodules/multinodular goiter and cancer in eutopic thyroid or prior thyroidectomy (before EMT detection). We propose a 10-item algorithm that might help navigate through the EMT domain. To conclude, across this focused-sample analysis (to our knowledge, the largest of its kind) of EMTs, the EMT clinical index of suspicion remains low; a higher rate of cancer is reported than prior data (18.8%), incident imagery-based detection was found in 10–14% of the EMTs; surgery offered an overall good outcome. A wide range of imagery, biopsy/FNA and surgical procedures is part of an otherwise complex personalized management.

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“…Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), along with type 1 diabetes, are currently the most frequent autoimmune disorders, globally affecting around 3–5% of the general population [ 1 , 2 ], and with a predominant prevalence in females in both pediatrics and adulthood [ 3 , 4 ]. Although AITD embrace a wide range of phenotypes, the most common conditions include Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), both of which are characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid parenchyma and also major causes of thyroid gland dysfunctions (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas, respectively) [ 4 , 5 ]. Despite large variability by geographic region, based on a recent meta-analysis involving 19 countries and 22,680,155 participants, the overall prevalence of HT in adults has been estimated at 7.5% globally, with a four-fold risk in women compared to men [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D: An Essential Nutrient in the Dual Relationship between Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Celiac Disease—A Comprehensive Review

Gorini,

Tonacci

2024

Nutrients

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Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are among the most frequent autoimmune disorders, with a multifactorial etiology in which both genetic and environmental determinants are probably involved. Celiac disease (CeD) also represents a public concern, given its increasing prevalence due to the recent improvement of screening programs, leading to the detection of silent subtypes. The two conditions may be closely associated due to common risk factors, including genetic setting, changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, and deficiency of nutrients like vitamin D. This comprehensive review discussed the current evidence on the pivotal role of vitamin D in modulating both gut microbiota dysbiosis and immune system dysfunction, shedding light on the possible relevance of an adequate intake of this nutrient in the primary prevention of AITD and CeD. While future technology-based strategies for proper vitamin D supplementation could be attractive in the context of personalized medicine, several issues remain to be defined, including standardized assays for vitamin D determination, timely recommendations on vitamin D intake for immune system functioning, and longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials to definitely establish a causal relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the onset of AITD and CeD.

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Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Cited by 8 publications

References 161 publications

Circular RNA CircZNF644 Facilitates Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells Response in Patients with Graves’ Disease

Circular RNA CircZNF644 Facilitates Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells Response in Patients with Graves’ Disease

Personalized Management of Malignant and Non-Malignant Ectopic Mediastinal Thyroid: A Proposed 10-Item Algorithm Approach

Vitamin D: An Essential Nutrient in the Dual Relationship between Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Celiac Disease—A Comprehensive Review

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