Autoimmune pathology accounts for common manifestations in a wide range of neuro-psychiatric disorders: The olfactory and immune system interrelationship

Moscavitch, Samuel-Datum; Szyper‐Kravitz, Martine; Shoenfeld, Yehuda

doi:10.1016/j.clim.2008.10.010

Cited by 78 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Recently, links between the olfactory system, the immune system, and various diseases have been identified. Decreased olfaction was observed in patients with several CNS diseases in which immune-mediated mechanisms have been implicated (e.g., Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis) (2,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sense of smell in systemic lupus erythematosus

Shoenfeld¹,

Agmon‐Levin²,

Flitman-Katzevman³

et al. 2009

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To assess the olfactory functions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared with age-and sex-matched healthy controls, and to examine the association between the sense of smell and disease activity and central nervous system (CNS) involvement.Methods. Olfactory functions in 50 SLE patients and 50 age-and sex-matched controls were evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks test, the 3 stages of which are threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) of different odors. TDI scores were analyzed according to SLE disease activity and CNS involvement.Results. In both the SLE and control groups, smell deficit correlated with male sex and older age. A decrease in the sense of smell was observed in SLE patients (46%) and controls (25%) (P < 0.02), while loss of smell (anosmia) was documented only in SLE patients (10%). Total TDI scores and individual stages of smell correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (P < 0.001) and CNS manifestations (P < 0.03).Conclusion. Our findings suggest that there is a decrease in the sense of smell in SLE patients compared with healthy subjects and that the decrease in the sense of smell among SLE patients correlates with disease activity and CNS involvement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sense of smell in systemic lupus erythematosus

Shoenfeld¹,

Agmon‐Levin²,

Flitman-Katzevman³

et al. 2009

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…[129][130][131] Mounting reports have proposed a connection between systemic inflammation and onset of schizophrenia, viewing the local inflammation seen in this pathology as a reflection of circulating leukocytes attacking the brain. 132,133 A linkage between autoimmunity and neuropsychological disorders has also been suggested in autism 134,135 and Tourette's syndrome. 136 According to our proposal, impaired CNS immunosurveillance can by its own account for abnormal behavior.…”

Section: Late Onset Of Congenital Neuropsychological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective autoimmunity functions by intracranial immunosurveillance to support the mind: The missing link between health and disease

2010

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“…The etiology of schizophrenia is complex and is likely to involve both genetic and environmental components, which are very challenging to disentangle (O'Donovan et al, 2003;Maki et al, 2005;Tandon et al, 2008). Multiple studies have documented immune activation in many individuals with schizophrenia, suggesting that antigens capable of generating a prolonged immune response may be important environmental factors in this disorder (Moscavitch et al, 2009). These antigens are likely to interact with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and the products of other immune response genes that have recently been found to increase the risk of schizophrenia in several different populations (Carter, 2009;Stefansson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between antibodies to multiple infectious and food antigens and new onset schizophrenia among US military personnel

Li¹,

Weber²,

Fisher³

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Research

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oIntroduction: Multiple studies have documented immune activation in many individuals with schizophrenia suggesting that antigens capable of generating a prolonged immune response may be important environmental factors in many cases of this disorder. While existing studies have found single-agent associations of antibodies to food and neurotropic infectious agents with schizophrenia, a simultaneous examination of multiple agents may shed light on agent interactions or possible etiopathogenic pathways. Methods: We used traditional regression and novel statistical techniques to examine associations of single and combined infectious and food antigens with schizophrenia. We tested 6106 serum samples from 855 cases and 1165 matched controls. Results: Higher antibody levels to casein were borderline significant in the prediction of schizophrenia (HR = 1.08, p = 0.06). Study participants with higher cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibody levels had a reduced risk of developing schizophrenia (HR = 0.90; p = 0.02). While IgG antibodies to gliadin, Toxoplasma gondii, vaccinia, measles, and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) showed no significant independent associations with schizophrenia, the increase in antibody levels to several combinations of agents, to include casein, measles, CMV, T. gondii and vaccinia, was predictive of an 18-34% increase in the risk of developing schizophrenia. Conclusion: Certain patterns of antibodies, involving some agents, were predictive of developing schizophrenia, with the magnitude of association rising when the level of antibodies increased to two or more agents. A heightened antibody response to a combination of several infectious/food antigens might be an indicator of an altered immune response to antigenic stimuli.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Autoimmune pathology accounts for common manifestations in a wide range of neuro-psychiatric disorders: The olfactory and immune system interrelationship

Cited by 78 publications

References 140 publications

The sense of smell in systemic lupus erythematosus

The sense of smell in systemic lupus erythematosus

Protective autoimmunity functions by intracranial immunosurveillance to support the mind: The missing link between health and disease

Association between antibodies to multiple infectious and food antigens and new onset schizophrenia among US military personnel

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