Autoignition Properties of Certain Diesel Fuels

Johnson, J. E.; Crellin, John W.; Carhart, Homer W.

doi:10.1021/ie50511a036

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Earlier work on the effects of oxygen concentration (2, [12][13][14] indicated that it would be of interest to study spontaneous ignition in finer detail using better instrumentation with particular emphasis on preignition behavior. A static system was chosen for its simplicity and to make temperature-time measurements.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chemical Structure on Spontaneous Ignition of Hydrocarbons.

Affens¹,

Johnson²,

Carhart³

1961

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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S P O N T A N E O U S ignition properties of combustible materials, particularly fuels and hydrocarbons, have been an important area of combustion research for over 50 years. This interest in spontaneous ignition is based on the important role which this phenomenon plays in the fire hazard in the handling and storage of combustibles, the performance of various types of combustion engines, and the elucidation of oxidation and combustion mechanisms of fuels, hydrocarbons, and related substances.The spontaneous ignition temperature (SIT) of a substance is defined as that lowest temperature a t which the substance will ignite in air without the aid of a spark or flame. Based on the thermal theory of ignition and on classical reaction-rate theory, spontaneous ignition temperature can be regarded as that temperature to which a combustible mixture must be raised so that the rate of heat evolved by the exothermic oxidation reactions of the system will just overbalance the rate a t which heat is lost to the surroundings. However, the criterion that is usually taken to indicate ignition-i.e., visible and/or audible combustion observed under ordinary laboratory conditions-is quite subjective. Also, the spontaneous ignition temperature of a substance should be a quantity related to some characteristic chemical property of the material, yet its experimentally determined value is markedly dependent on the method and apparatus employed for its determination. I n a recent monograph, Mullins (1 7) reviews this subject, including the importance, definition, and meaning of spontaneous ignition and spontaneous ignition temperature and describes numerous methods for its determination and the factors which influence results.Earlier work on the effects of oxygen concentration ( 2 , 12-14) indicated that it would be of interest to study spontaneous ignition in finer detail using better instrumentation with particular emphasis on preignition behavior. A static system was chosen for its simplicity and to make temperature-time measurements. An inherent fault of such a system is the problem of uniform gas mixing after introducing the hydrocarbon sample. This problem should be minimized by discharging the sample as a fine spray and by a long time delay before ignition occurs.The general purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of chemical structure on the spontaneous ignition processes. Specifically, the influence of chain length, chain branching, unsaturation, and of cyclic and aromatic structures on the preignition processes was examined by measuring internal gas temperature and oxygen consumption.I n addition to minimum ignition temperature in air for cool-or hot-flame ignition, minimum reaction temperature, preignition temperature range, temperature rise, and oxygen consumption a t ignition were useful. A correlation between these values and ease of oxidation and ignition was noted. The findings were as follows: I n general, decreasing chain length, addition of methyl groups, unsaturation, and particularly, chain branchin...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chemical Structure on Spontaneous Ignition of Hydrocarbons.

Affens¹,

Johnson²,

Carhart³

1961

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…The opinions and assertions contained in this article are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the Naval establishment at large. THIS paper summarizes a continuation of the study on spontaneous ignition phenomena previously reported (7). Such information is of particular importance because ignition of lubricants by hot metal surfaces is considered to contribute materially to the initiation of fires in aircraft.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The same crucible apparatus (7) was employed in the present investigation. This comprised a stainless steel block heated in an electric furnace, and containing a cavity into which ignition chambers prepared from various metals and alloys could be inserted; a stainless steel chamber was employed unless otherwise indicated.…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…THE investigation of the spontaneous ignition properties of fuels and pure compounds has occupied the attention of many researchers in a number of different fields. This is shown by the variety of experimental methods and techniques which have been employed in the study of spontaneous ignition such as the CFR cetane number rating engine; well-instrumented single-cylinder motored engines {10, 15,19) in which single combustion cycles can be isolated; special devices such as the rapid compression machines {9, 12) and constant volume bombs (4,16) which restrict themselves to the development of a fraction of a combustion cycle; and various combustion containers under both static and flow conditions {1, 8,5,7,8,11,17,18) in which the variables affecting ignition may be isolated more individually and in which the chemistry of the ignition and combustion processes may be studied more closely. All these methods provide valuable information which can be used in the interpretations of ignition behavior, and it is noteworthy that the same particular phenomena associated with ignition and combustion are often apparent in one form or another in the results obtained with the various methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous Ignition Properties of Fuels and Hydrocarbons

Johnson¹,

Crellin²,

Carhart³

1953

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…At these low temperatures, various other factors pertaining to engine equipment or condition may make starting difficult. The ignition quality of Diesel fuels may be evaluated with very small fuel samples by use of a modified Jentzsch ignition apparatus (100). Various Diesel fuel blends having cetane numbers from 29 to 110 were tested in two forms of this apparatus.…”

Section: Combustion and Mechanism Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%