Autohydrolysis prior to poplar chemi-mechanical pulping: Impact of surface lignin on subsequent alkali impregnation

Impact of ammonium sulfite-based sequential pretreatment combinations on two distinct saccharifications of wheat straw

“…61 It has been applied for investigating the surface coverage by lignin, carbohydrates or extractives by empirical formula. 40 The surface chemical composition of pretreated wheat straw samples with different approaches was analyzed by XPS as shown in Table 7. The elements detected were O and C and minor amounts of N and Si from natural biomass.…”

“…The oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratios were calculated from the low resolution XPS spectra. The surface coverage by lignin (S lig ) and carbohydrates (S car ) were calculated according to the following equations respectively, using the average O/C ratio value 40.…”

Responses of radial growth, wood density and fiber traits to planting space in poplar plantations at a lowland site

“…Previous studies have confirmed that there are significant variations in WD, fiber morphology and chemical composition among poplar clones (Fang and Yang 2003;Fang et al 2004Fang et al , 2021, while the responses of these traits to silvicultural practices (especially spacing) were less available. Moreover, most studies of wood properties were carried out with mixed samples, ignoring the change of these traits in radial and vertical directions among tree-rings (Bose et al 2009;Ai and Tschirner 2010;Yue et al 2019).The influence of uneven growth of annual rings on wood density and fiber traits is particularly poorly understood (DeBell et al 2002;Fang and Yang 2003;Fang et al 2004;Zhang et al 2012). Our previous study concluded that there was significant variations in tree volumes among plantations with different spacings (Zhang et al 2020).…”