Autofocals: Evaluating gaze-contingent eyeglasses for presbyopes

Padmanaban, Nitish; Konrad, Robert; Wetzstein, Gordon

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav6187

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…An advantage of our device over other previously proposed 10 is the bigger power range of the tunable lenses used. A larger range allows to focus very close targets, going beyond the normal focus range of an adult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Portable device for presbyopia correction with optoelectronic lenses driven by pupil response

Mompeán

Aragón

Artal

2020

Sci Rep

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A novel portable device has been developed and built to dynamically, and automatically, correct presbyopia by means of a couple of opto-electronics lenses driven by pupil tracking. The system is completely portable providing with a high range of defocus correction up to 10 D. The glasses are controlled and powered by a smartphone. To achieve a truly real-time response, image processing algorithms have been implemented in OpenCL and ran on the GPU of the smartphone. To validate the system, different visual experiments were carried out in presbyopic subjects. Visual acuity was maintained nearly constant for a range of distances from 5 m to 20 cm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Padmanaban et al . have developed another solution using commercial parts for pupil tracking and depth sensing for the tunable lenses 10 . However, as far as we know their system is not truly a mobile solution since their pupil tracking processing (Pupil Labs GmbH, Berlin, Germany) is done on a high-end desktop PC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable device for presbyopia correction with optoelectronic lenses driven by pupil response

Mompeán

Aragón

Artal

2020

Sci Rep

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“…For example, ETLs have been getting thinner and lighter. Recently, it was announced that a new ETL provides an aperture that is almost two times larger (30 mm) than the current one [41]. Therefore, we believe that the form factor of our system can be similar to typical eyeglasses in near future, which solves the FOV problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Illuminated Focus: Vision Augmentation using Spatial Defocusing via Focal Sweep Eyeglasses and High-Speed Projector

Ueda

Iwai

Hiraki

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Fig. 1. The IlluminatedFocus technique optically defocuses real-world appearances in a spatially varying manner regardless of the distance from the user's eyes to observed real objects. The proposed technique enables various vision augmentation applications. (a) The proposed system consists of focal sweep eyeglasses (two Electrically Focus-Tunable Lenses (ETL)) and a high-speed projector. (b) Experimental proof of the proposed technique. (b-1) Experimental setup. Four objects (A, B, C, and D) are placed in front of the projector and ETL. A camera is regarded as a user's eye. (b-2, b-3, b-4) The objects are illuminated by the projector at different timings and the camera's focal length is periodically modulated by the ETL. As indicated by the yellow arrows, objects to appear focused (A, C, and D) are illuminated when they are in focus and the other object to appear blurred (B) is illuminated when it is out of focus. (b-5) When the frequency of the focal sweep is higher than the critical fusion frequency (CFF), these appearances are perceived to be integrated. The appearance of this image (only B is blurred) cannot be achieved by normal lens systems. Note that the brightness of (b-2) to (b-5) has been adjusted for better understanding.Abstract-Aiming at realizing novel vision augmentation experiences, this paper proposes the IlluminatedFocus technique, which spatially defocuses real-world appearances regardless of the distance from the user's eyes to observed real objects. With the proposed technique, a part of a real object in an image appears blurred, while the fine details of the other part at the same distance remain visible. We apply Electrically Focus-Tunable Lenses (ETL) as eyeglasses and a synchronized high-speed projector as illumination for a real scene. We periodically modulate the focal lengths of the glasses (focal sweep) at more than 60 Hz so that a wearer cannot perceive the modulation. A part of the scene to appear focused is illuminated by the projector when it is in focus of the user's eyes, while another part to appear blurred is illuminated when it is out of the focus. As the basis of our spatial focus control, we build mathematical models to predict the range of distance from the ETL within which real objects become blurred on the retina of a user. Based on the blur range, we discuss a design guideline for effective illumination timing and focal sweep range. We also model the apparent size of a real scene altered by the focal length modulation. This leads to an undesirable visible seam between focused and blurred areas. We solve this unique problem by gradually blending the two areas. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal by implementing various vision augmentation applications.Index Terms-Vision augmentation, spatial defocusing, depth-of-field, focal sweep, high-speed projection, spatial augmented reality • Daisuke Iwai is with Osaka University and JST, PRESTO.

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“…Smart-eyeglasses consist of three main electronic components – sensors, embedded computing systems and adjustable focus lenses. They use a host of sensors to determine the object distance 9,10,12 and the gaze (point of visual focus) of every eye 11,13 . Using this data, the embedded computing systems within these devices can near-instantaneously change the optical power of the adjustable-focus lenses by performing quick calculations which use real-time sensor data and electronically-stored accommodation data of the patient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this data, the embedded computing systems within these devices can near-instantaneously change the optical power of the adjustable-focus lenses by performing quick calculations which use real-time sensor data and electronically-stored accommodation data of the patient. A recent study done in 2019 showed that the visual acuity of presbyopes improved while wearing a novel accommodation-correction device 11 . The participants in that study also preferred wearing the accommodation-correction device over their regular prescription eyeglasses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of Accommodation Deficiency in Presbyopia Patients

Karkhanis

Banerjee

Ghosh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Purpose: We describe new phenomenological illumination-dependent static models of the accommodation deficiency for patients with presbyopia. Such models are suitable for vision restoration with adaptive-optics accommodating eyeglasses and contact lenses. Methods: Data from fifteen participants over the age of 45 and diagnosed with presbyopia was collected. Participants were asked to wear a pair of mechanically-tunable eyeglasses and clearly identify the optotypes corresponding to the LogMAR 0.0 line on Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts, by suitably adjusting the optical powers of the lenses on these tunable eyeglasses for each measurement. Seven ETDRS charts, placed at distances from the patients varying from 4 m through 30 cm, were used under three chart illumination levels (75 lx, 500 lx and 800 lx). The optical power of the lenses in the patient-adjusted tunable eyeglasses was subsequently measured using a Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor for each chart, which provided the accommodation deficiency data of the participants. Results: The measured accommodation deficiency data from 15 presbyopes was curve-fitted to a model for each patient. The calculated root-mean-square error values for the fitted models ranged between 0.09 D - 0.67 D over a 3.08 D accommodation stimulus range. Conclusions: The data shows that while accommodation deficiency in humans is a function of the stimulus, it is also strongly dependent on the object illumination and age of the patients. The models adequately describe the relation between static accommodation deficiency, accommodation stimulus and object illumination.

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Autofocals: Evaluating gaze-contingent eyeglasses for presbyopes

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

Portable device for presbyopia correction with optoelectronic lenses driven by pupil response

Portable device for presbyopia correction with optoelectronic lenses driven by pupil response

Illuminated Focus: Vision Augmentation using Spatial Defocusing via Focal Sweep Eyeglasses and High-Speed Projector

Models of Accommodation Deficiency in Presbyopia Patients

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