Autofluorescence Lifetimes Measured with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) Are Affected by Age, but Not by Pigmentation or Gender

Sauer, Lydia; Vitale, Alexandra; Milliken, Cole M.; Modersitzki, Natalie K; Blount, J. David; Bernstein, Paul S.

doi:10.1167/tvst.9.9.2

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…FLIO may facilitate understanding of the metabolic state of the retina, as the FLT of some intracellular fluorescent substances can be directly affected by their metabolic state. A previous study showed that the mean FLT (τ m ) extends with increasing age, whereas pigmentation or gender did not show any correlation 27 . To date, however, no research has been done on the influence of lifestyle on FLIO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It is a new insight that there was a statistically significant difference in the FLT between the non-smoker and smoker groups, and it indicates the potential of FLIO. Because the influence of endogenous parameters on FLIO is unknown except for age 27 , this study included young adults who were age-matched and had no history of systemic disease. Analysis of demographic data showed slight but statistically significant differences in BMI and IOP between the non-smoker and smoker groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of cigarette smoking on fluorescence lifetime of ocular fundus

Sonntag,

Kreikenbohm,

Böhmerle

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Cigarette smoking is known to adversely affect cellular metabolism and is a risk factor for various retinal diseases. Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) has the potential to detect metabolic changes in the ocular fundus. Aim of this study was to analyze the influence of cigarette smoking on fluorescence lifetime (FLT) of healthy eyes using FLIO. Twenty-six non-smokers and 28 smokers aged between 20 and 37 years without systemic and ocular diseases were investigated by FLIO (excitation: 473 nm, emission: short spectral channel (SSC) 498–560 nm, long spectral channel (LSC) 560–720 nm). The FLT at the ETDRS grid regions were analyzed and compared. In SSC, the mean FLT (τm) of smokers was significantly longer in the ETDRS inner ring region, whereas the τm in LSC was significantly shorter in the outer ring. For the long component (τ2), smokers with pack year < 7.11 showed significantly shorter τ2 in SSC than non-smokers and the smokers with pack year ≥ 7.11. There were no significant differences in retinal thickness. The lack of obvious structural differences implies that the observed FLT changes are likely related to smoking-induced metabolic changes. These results suggest that FLIO may be useful in assessing retinal conditions related to lifestyle and systemic metabolic status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of cigarette smoking on fluorescence lifetime of ocular fundus

Sonntag,

Kreikenbohm,

Böhmerle

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…It has been shown that drusen itself does not have a significant effect on τ m , 48 and increased intracellular lipofuscin is associated with prolonged τ m , especially in the LSC. 49 Given these points, it is likely that the τ m is not related significantly to lipid deposition under the RPE in ApoE −/− mice, but rather to an increase in cellular metabolism related to the compensatory mechanisms, as also implied by the increased TAC. Data from basic studies suggest that τ m is prolonged under conditions of reduced mitochondrial function and, conversely, shortened under conditions of increased activation under mild stress (Kubota et al IOVS 2022;63:ARVO E-Abstract 2471).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy of Mouse Models of Age-related Macular Degeneration

Sonntag,

Klein,

Brinkmann

et al. 2024

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose To investigate fluorescence lifetime of mouse models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO). Methods Two AMD mouse models, apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE −/− ) mice and NF-E2-related factor-2 knockout (Nrf2 −/− ) mice, and their wild-type mice underwent monthly ophthalmic examinations including FLIO from 3 months of age. After euthanasia at the age of 6 or 11 months, blood plasma was collected to determine total antioxidant capacity and eyes were enucleated for Oil red O (ORO) lipid staining of chorioretinal tissue. Results In FLIO, the mean fluorescence lifetime (τ m ) of wild type shortened with age in both spectral channels. In short spectral channel, τ m shortening was observed in both AMD models as well, but its rate was more pronounced in ApoE −/− mice and significantly different from the other strains as months of age progressed. In contrast, in long spectral channel, both model strains showed completely opposite trends, with τ m becoming shorter in ApoE −/− and longer in Nrf2 −/− mice than the others. Oil red O staining at Bruch's membrane was significantly stronger in ApoE −/− mice at 11 months than the other strains. Plasma total antioxidant capacity was highest in ApoE −/− mice at both 6 and 11 months. Conclusions The two AMD mouse models exhibited largely different fundus fluorescence lifetime, which might be related to the different systemic metabolic state. FLIO might be able to indicate different metabolic states of eyes at risk for AMD. Translational Relevance This animal study may provide new insights into the relationship between early AMD-associated metabolic changes and FLIO findings.

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“…FLIO lifetimes, especially those of the SSC, were found to be influenced by age. 59 We therefore had an age-matched group of healthy subjects for each disease. Furthermore, we controlled for age in our statistical analysis, which should minimize this impact on our statistical results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy in Atrophic Areas of Retinal Diseases

Goerdt

Sauer

Vitale

et al. 2021

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is a non-invasive imaging modality to investigate the human retina. This study compares FLIO lifetimes in different degenerative retinal diseases. Methods Included were eyes with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and/or photoreceptor atrophy due to Stargardt disease ( n = 66), pattern dystrophy ( n = 18), macular telangiectasia type 2 ( n = 49), retinitis pigmentosa ( n = 28), choroideremia ( n = 26), and geographic atrophy ( n = 32) in age-related macular degeneration, as well as 37 eyes of 37 age-matched healthy controls. Subjects received Heidelberg Engineering FLIO, autofluorescence intensity, and optical coherence tomography imaging. Amplitude-weighted mean FLIO lifetimes (τ m ) were calculated and analyzed. Results Retinal FLIO lifetimes show significant differences depending on the disease. Atrophic areas in geographic atrophy and choroideremia showed longest mean FLIO lifetimes. τ m values within areas of RPE and outer nuclear layer atrophy were significantly longer than within areas with preserved outer nuclear layer ( P < 0.001) or non-atrophic areas ( P < 0.001). Conclusions FLIO is able to contribute additional information regarding differences in chronic degenerative retinal diseases. Although it cannot replace conventional autofluorescence imaging, FLIO adds to the knowledge in these diseases and may help with the correct differentiation between them. This may lead to a more in-depth understanding of the pathomechanisms related to atrophy and types of progression. Translational Relevance Differences between atrophic retinal diseases highlighted by FLIO may indicate separate pathomechanisms leading to atrophy and disease progression.

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Autofluorescence Lifetimes Measured with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) Are Affected by Age, but Not by Pigmentation or Gender

Abstract: lifetimes measured with fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) are affected by age, but not by pigmentation or gender.

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Impact of cigarette smoking on fluorescence lifetime of ocular fundus

Impact of cigarette smoking on fluorescence lifetime of ocular fundus

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy of Mouse Models of Age-related Macular Degeneration

Comparing Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy in Atrophic Areas of Retinal Diseases

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