Autofluorescence: Biological functions and technical applications

Garcı́a-Plazaola, José Ignacio; Fernández‐Marín, Beatriz; Duke, Stephen O.; Hernández, A.; Arbeloa, F. López; Becerril, José M.

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.03.010

Cited by 121 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…With a low-field excitation using a diode laser at 405 nm, hydroxycinnamates have an emission spectrum of around 420–460 nm (shown and denoted as blue) along with alkaloids, flavonoids, and other phenylpropanoids [56]. Using a helium neon laser excitation at 543 nm, most phenolics fluoresce with an emission spectrum of 600–650 nm (shown and denoted as red), however hydroxycinnamates do not [55]. One convoluting factor in this technique resides in the autofluorescence of chlorophyll.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass

Crowe

Feringa

Pattathil

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundHeterogeneity within herbaceous biomass can present important challenges for processing feedstocks to cellulosic biofuels. Alterations to cell wall composition and organization during plant growth represent major contributions to heterogeneity within a single species or cultivar. To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode.ResultsSubstantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. Notably, lignin content increased with tissue maturity concurrently with decreasing ferulate content across all three anatomical fractions. Stem internodes exhibited the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content. Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing.ConclusionsCell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0870-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass

Crowe

Feringa

Pattathil

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…The optical properties of plant cells make them very suitable for studying metabolic fluctuations using the autofluorescence emission properties of many plant components. For instance, the main and very well-characterised fluorescent component is chlorophyll, which has been studied extensively using autofluorescence as a means of non-invasive evaluation of photosynthesis and the physiological status of plants and/or of the effect of environmental stresses on plants (García-Plazaola et al 2015). However, chlorophyll is only one example among the many fluorescent compounds that have been found in plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harnas at this microsporogenesis stage. In turn, the dominant spectrum in the green–yellow light range may suggest the presence of many phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid), flavins (riboflavin, flavoproteins), and terpenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) (García-Plazaola et al 2015), which were not observed in either A. sativum cv. Arkus or the leek.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological and biophysical comparative analysis of cell structures at the microsporogenesis stage in sterile and fertile Allium species

Tchórzewska

Deryło

Winiarczyk

2016

Planta

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Main conclusion Using a live-cell-imaging approach and autofluorescence-spectral imaging, we showed quantitative/qualitative fluctuations of chemical compounds within the meiocyte callose wall, providing insight into the molecular basis of male sterility in plants from the genus Allium.Allium sativum (garlic) is one of the plant species exhibiting male sterility, and the molecular background of this phenomenon has never been thoroughly described. This study presents comparative analyses of meiotically dividing cells, which revealed inhibition at the different microsporogenesis stages in male-sterile A. sativum plants (cultivars Harnas and Arkus) and sterile A. ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum (GHG-L), which is phylogenetically related to garlic. Fertile species A. ampeloprasum (leek) was used as the control material, because leek is closely related to both garlic and GHG-L. To shed more light on the molecular basis of these disturbances, autofluorescence-spectral imaging of live cells was used for the assessment of the biophysical/biochemical differences in the callose wall, pollen grain sporoderm, and the tapetum in the sterile species, in comparison with the fertile leek. The use of techniques for live-cell imaging (autofluorescence-spectral imaging) allowed the observation of quantitative/qualitative fluctuations of autofluorescent chemical compounds within the meiocyte callose wall. The biophysical characterisation of the metabolic disturbances in the callose wall provides insight into the molecular basis of male sterility in A. sativum. In addition, using this method, it was possible for the first time, to determine precisely (on the basis of fluctuations of autofluorescence compounds) the meiosis stage in which normal microsporogenesis is disturbed, which was not visible using light microscopy.

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“…The next hypothesis states that ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence produces light that may be used in photosynthesis in vegetative parts of plants, such as leaves and stems (García-Plazaola et al 2015). It does make sense for organisms that live in the aquatic environment with narrow-band ultraviolet-blue illumination, which needs to be converted to green light before being absorbed by the chlorophyll.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of compounds in plants that emit visible fluorescence under the ultraviolet light is large (García-Plazaola et al 2015), they are widely distributed among plants and tissues and many of them have vital functions that are not related to wavelength transformation. Even if in some species of plants, ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence may indeed play some role in visual signalling, it is most probably not the only its function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unseen beauty of flowers – hidden signals or spectacular by-product?

Holovachov

2015

Green Letters

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Autofluorescence: Biological functions and technical applications

Cited by 121 publications

References 54 publications

Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass

Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass

Cytological and biophysical comparative analysis of cell structures at the microsporogenesis stage in sterile and fertile Allium species

Unseen beauty of flowers – hidden signals or spectacular by-product?

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