Autofluorescence-Based Investigation of Spatial Distribution of Phenolic Compounds in Soybeans Using Confocal Laser Microscopy and a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Approach

Abstract

In this research, we present a detailed comparative analysis of the bioactive substances of soybean varieties k-11538 (Russia), k-11559 (Russia), k-569 (China), k-5367 (China), k-5373 (China), k-5586 (Sweden), and Primorskaya-86 (Russia) using an LSM 800 confocal laser microscope and an amaZon ion trap SL mass spectrometer. Laser microscopy made it possible to clarify in detail the spatial arrangement of the polyphenolic content of soybeans. Our results revealed that the phenolics of soybean are spatially located mainly in the seed coat and the outer layer of the cotyledon. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used in combination with an amaZon SL BRUKER DALTONIKS ion trap (tandem mass spectrometry) to identify target analytes in soybean extracts. The results of initial studies revealed the presence of 63 compounds, and 45 of the target analytes were identified as polyphenolic compounds.

Encapsulation of Carbon Dots in a Core–Shell Mesh through Coaxial Direct Ink Writing for Improved Crop Growth

“…Conversely, no fluorescence signal was identified in the blue fluorescence channel (Figure S12d), indicating a probable occurrence of autofluorescence originating from the T. aestivum L. − Overall, the samples containing C-dots demonstrated strong fluorescence signals, indicating a well-distributed presence of C-dots within the taproot, lateral roots, and stem of T. aestivum L.…”

“…Moreover, through confocal microscopy analysis of the neat plant (plant with no treatment), only a few green and red fluorescence signals were detected, exhibiting a patchy distribution pattern. Conversely, no fluorescence signal was identified in the blue fluorescence channel ( Figure S12d ), indicating a probable occurrence of autofluorescence originating from the T. aestivum L. 54 − 56 Overall, the samples containing C-dots demonstrated strong fluorescence signals, indicating a well-distributed presence of C-dots within the taproot, lateral roots, and stem of T. aestivum L.…”

Phytohormonal modulation of the drought stress in soybean: outlook, research progress, and cross-talk

“…fibers (Specht et al, 2014;Novikova et al, 2022;Razgonova et al, 2022). The soybean (Glycine max) is a crop that is produced all over the globe and is considered an essential ingredient in cuisine due to the large amount of nutrients it contains.…”