Autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of oral epithelial tissue using a depth-sensitive fiber-optic probe

Schwarz, Richard A.; Gao, Wen; Daye, Dania; Williams, Michelle D.; Richards‐Kortum, Rebecca; Gillenwater, Ann M.

doi:10.1364/ao.47.000825

Cited by 104 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…This is in agreement with experimental measurements of the depth sensitive collection efficiency of the clinical probe, which indicate that even though the probe's response is weighted toward the epithelium, it cannot completely exclude stromal signals. 16 Moreover, the simulations presented here indicate that most of the stromal fluorescence originates from the superficial stromal region and not from deeper stroma. For example, the fraction of photons originating from the epithelium and superficial stromal regions varies from 88 to 93%, depending on the epithelial thickness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Anderson Cancer Center. 16 Lesions selected by the clinician and an anatomically similar contralateral normal appearing site were measured for each patient by placing the probe against the mucosal surface. To minimize artifact from exposure to room light, the measurements were performed in a darkened room.…”

Section: Clinical Measurements Of Fluorescence Spectra From Normal Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13-15 Schwarz et al used a ball-lens coupled probe to obtain spatially resolved fluorescence spectra from normal and neoplastic oral sites in a clinical setting. 16 The shallow channel of this probe has a source-detector separation of 720 μm. The ball-lens design allows fluorescence to be collected from approximately 300 μm beneath the probe surface, which corresponds primarily to the epithelium and the superficial stroma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer

et al. 2008

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We present a Monte Carlo model to predict fluorescence spectra of the oral mucosa obtained with a depth-selective fiber optic probe as a function of tissue optical properties. A model sensitivity analysis determines how variations in optical parameters associated with neoplastic development influence the intensity and shape of spectra, and elucidates the biological basis for differences in spectra from normal and premalignant oral sites. Predictions indicate that spectra of oral mucosa collected with a depth-selective probe are affected by variations in epithelial optical properties, and to a lesser extent, by changes in superficial stromal parameters, but not by changes in the optical properties of deeper stroma. The depth selective probe offers enhanced detection of epithelial fluorescence, with 90% of the detected signal originating from the epithelium and superficial stroma. Predicted depth-selective spectra are in good agreement with measured average spectra from normal and dysplastic oral sites. Changes in parameters associated with dysplastic progression lead to a decreased fluorescence intensity and a shift of the spectra to longer emission wavelengths. Decreased fluorescence is due to a drop in detected stromal photons, whereas the shift of spectral shape is attributed to an increased fraction of detected photons arising in the epithelium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Clinical Measurements Of Fluorescence Spectra From Normal Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer

et al. 2008

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“…The diffusely reflected emanating light is greatly affected by tissue morphology, such as nuclear size, distribution, epithelial thickness, collagen content, and the amount of oxy-and deoxy-hemoglobin in the exposed tissue, all of which can vary during carcinogenesis of epithelial tissue (Schwarz et al 2008;Jayanthi et al 2011). A current DRS system typically consists of an imaging device for recording diffuse reflectance images and a fiber-optic probe for relaying light to and from the instrument .…”

Section: Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Techniques for Detection and Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Liu

Zhao

Zeng

et al. 2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral and maxillofacial malignancy, and its morbidity and mortality rates are still high in most countries. Oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) are used to refer to a heterogeneous group of conditions that are characterized by increased risk for malignant transformation to OSCC. Currently identified oral PMDs include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, palatal lesions associated with reverse smoking, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, actinic keratosis, and discoid lupus erythematosus. The early detection and diagnosis of these lesions are important for cancer prevention and disease management. In recent years, there has been a growing and persistent demand for new non-invasive, practical diagnostic techniques that might facilitate the early detection of oral PMDs. The non-invasive detection techniques evaluated in this review are divided into four categories: vital staining with a solution that can be used as a mouth rinse or applied onto a suspected area of the mouth, light-based detection systems, optical diagnostic technologies that employ returned optical signals to reflect structural and morphological changes within tissues, and salivary biomarkers. Most of these techniques have shown great potential for screening and monitoring oral PMDs. In this review article, the authors critically assess these non-invasive detection techniques for oral PMDs. We also provide a summary of the sensitivity and specificity of each technique in detecting oral PMDs and oral cancer, as well as their advantages, disadvantages, clinical applications, and indications.

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“…Moreover, the physiologic and molecular changes that cause these differences in appearance have been studied intensively, enabling molecular assessments from the optical properties. Intrinsic differences in the optical properties of tissue can be due to changes in absorbance (22), scatter (23), or fluorescence (24)(25)(26)(27)(28), and these changes can result from inflammation, increased cellularity, altered cellular anatomy (e.g., cell shape and nuclear volume), appearance of tumor stroma, and biochemical differences associated with cellular proliferation and tissue reorganization. The study by Roblyer et al shows us a way of looking at neoplasia with a highly sensitive and unbiased eye.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Oral Neoplasia: Watching with New Eyes

Kelloff

Sigman²,

Contag³

2009

Cancer Prevention Research

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Yogi Berra said, "You can observe a lot just by watching." Since an estimated 47,560 new cases and 11,260 deaths from cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx (3% of all new cancers and 2% of all cancer deaths) occurred in the United States in 2008 (1), it is time to start "watching" these sites with new tools and insights. Despite advances in diagnostic tools and treatment modalities, overall survival rates for these cancers have improved little over the last three decades (2). The main reasons for treatment failure are second primary tumors in patients with early-stage disease (stages I and II) and local recurrence and metastases in patients with locally advanced disease (2). These cancers result from multistep carcinogenesis, which involves increasing degrees of mucosal atypia and dysplasia and molecular (epigenetic and genetic) alterations (3) and "field cancerization," in which the multistep changes occur over large areas of the carcinogen-exposed upper aerodigestive tract epithelium [the seminal field hypothesis was proposed over 50 years ago by Slaughter et al. (4) based on work in the oral cavity]. Therefore, there are three potential approaches to reduce the incidence of head and neck cancer: first, early detection and local control of high-risk focal precursor lesions; second, decrease an individual's exposure to carcinogens; and third, systemic chemopreventive agents to halt or reverse carcinogenesis in individuals exposed to a risk factor(s) and/or diagnosed with a precursor lesion (5, 6). The effect of local control by removing head and neck precursor lesions has not been established as a method of reducing cancer risk (7). Although numerous changes contribute to epithelial carcinogenesis, histologically defined intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN), or premalignant lesions, is still considered to be better than any individual molecular marker for predicting cancer risk (8, 9).Among head-and-neck cancers, oral neoplasia is particularly amenable to imaging because of the accessibility of its epithelial surface and the frequency of its routine screening by dentists. Once established for oral cancer screening, successful imaging tools could also be used in other cancers. Oral IEN initially appears as white or red patches (oral leukoplakia or erythroplakia, respectively) and carries a 17.5% risk of malignant transformation, or 36.4% in cases of dysplastic oral IEN, at 8 years (10). More precise definitions of risk are necessary; however, because carcinogenesis is multifocal and multiclonal, even within the same lesion, not all IEN progresses to cancer or can be readily detected and measured, and, at present, no specific drug can target all the causative genetic changes preceding or within IEN. To proceed with screendetected lesions and determine if excision or chemopreventive intervention is warranted, more definitive screening and riskassessment measures are required.Loss of heterozygosity profiling is one of the better current methodologies for refining the risk of progression of histologic IEN. L...

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Autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of oral epithelial tissue using a depth-sensitive fiber-optic probe

Cited by 104 publications

References 34 publications

Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer

Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer

Non-Invasive Techniques for Detection and Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Early Detection of Oral Neoplasia: Watching with New Eyes

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