Autoconstrução formas e fôrmas: um olhar sobre seus canteiros e processos de produção em São Paulo, anos 2010

Abstract

SELF-CONSTRUCTION, FORMS AND FORMWORKS: an approach to its building sites in São Paulo in the 2010sThis research aims to update the discussion on self-built housing, focusing on the study of the phenomenon in popular settlements in the metropolis of São Paulo in the 2010s. Self-building is understood as a productive process which results in housing, with characteristics that we seek to better understand: the logics of its building sites, the arrangement of its agents and the relations between them, the construction techniques, the organization of labour, its social and economic insertion. Bibliographic and empirical research are used, using methods such as interviews with agents involved in self-construction. Firstly, we discuss the researches held in Brazil from the late 1960s onwards, in a context of industrial and urban expansion -two processes that explain and are explained by the self-building of housing. The formulations of another strand of debate are also explored, which understands self-construction as an part of the process of introduction of capitalist relations in the construction chain and, also, of the production of the constructed space, defining it as a form of housing production. Since then, the Brazilian context has changed: one can speak of a decrease in land subdivision for the low income-strata and an increase in the number of squatter settlements and slums, loss of explanatory force for urban growth by the centerperiphery model, as well as the intensification of the deregulation process of work relations. That said, we understand that self-construction, as a historically determined form of housing production, must be contextualized. Furthermore, it is understood that, in addition to the categories that define it as a form of housing production, self-construction should be understood as part of the universe of non-regulated housing production, constituted by the production processes that occur without state regulation of the urbanistic scope, as well as of the labor relations implied. The results of the interviews are exposed according to four spheres of analysis, which are related to activities and moments in the production process. They are: [1] Origination of Production and Initial Planning; [2] Supply of Materials; [3] Execution; and [4] Provision of Financial Resources. It is noticed that self-construction is a form of housing production with many porosities, which implies in a high level of entanglement of the spheres of analysis used for its understanding. There are also important overlaps with other forms of housing production such as production for the market, blurring the boundaries between the forms that can, nevertheless, generally be differentiated. Self-construction can be based on both unpaid domestic work and informally paid work, and it is understood that the concept of "viração" structures this form of production, with the precariousness of work and socioeconomic conditions being a common characteristic of several agents, such as residents and self-employed builders. Finally...

O desafio de gerir gestores médicos nas instituições hospitalares: um estudo com hospitais privados brasileiros

“…Se for possível afirmar que a identidade de liderança não é endossada institucionalmente sem, a priori, estar internalizada e reconhecida relacionalmente, ao levar em consideração os gestores médicos, possivelmente não haverá convergência entre os três níveis. O reconhecimento relacional e aprovação coletiva constituem-se antes da internalização individual, rompendo a lógica dominante de perfil de liderança ou características do líder (DE RUE;ASHFORD, 2010;SEMINOTTI, 2009b).…”

“…Para o processo de liderança ser institucionalmente respaldado, necessita estar internalizado pelo gestor médico e reconhecido nas suas relações. Desse modo, as interações nas instituições hospitalares, na perspectiva complexa, são delineadas por todos os atores envolvidos, que ao agirem transformam o todo e promovem a recursividade (DE RUE;ASHFORD, 2010;SEMINOTTI, 2009b).…”

“…Essa perspectiva linear passa a ser substituída pela perspectiva sistêmicocomplexa, demonstrando a dialógica implicada nesse processo (CABRAL; SEMINOTTI, 2009b).…”

“…Nesse sentido, o pensamento complexo traz ao contexto o caráter multidimensional do real, onde a lógica predominante é das certezas e incertezas, entre o elementar e o global, entre a unidade e o todo, integrando-os numa concepção abrangente e transformadora. Desse modo, pensar as instituições hospitalares por meio de suas tensões sócio-históricas, é considerar a sua dialógica, fenômeno complexo, associado às contradições que o compõem SEMINOTTI, 2009b, MORIN, 2007BOEIRA;VIEIRA, 2010).…”