Autoclave sterilization of an in-house 3D-printed polylactic acid piece: biological safety and heat-induced deformation

Ferràs-Tarragó, Joan; Sabalza-Baztán, Oihana; Sahuquillo-Arce, José Miguel; Angulo-Sánchez, Manuel Ángel; Ceinos, Carolina De-La-Calva; Amaya-Valero, Jose Vicente; Baixauli-García, Francisco

doi:10.1007/s00068-021-01672-6

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Aguado-Maestro et al (2021) compared the bacterial growth on 3D printed PLA cylinders after sterilization using ethylene oxide, gas plasma and autoclave sterilizations, reporting the effectiveness of ethylene and autoclave approaches, although the latter distorted the cylinders due to high temperatures in the sterilization cycle. However, Ferràs-Tarragó et al (2021) successfully sterilized 3D printed anatomical models without significant deformation after autoclave processing. At the intersection between conventional and AM resides the inquiry about the need for sterilization, given that the latter is associated with high-temperature processing (Savaris et al , 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale characterization of additively manufactured PMMA: the influence of sterilization

Rufo-Martín,

Mantecón,

Youssef

et al. 2024

RPJ

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Purpose Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a remarkable biocompatible material for bone cement and regeneration. It is also considered 3D printable but requires in-depth process–structure–properties studies. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic effects of processing parameters and sterilization on PMMA-based implants. Design/methodology/approach The approach comprised manufacturing samples with different raster angle orientations to capitalize on the influence of the filament alignment with the loading direction. One sample set was sterilized using an autoclave, while another was kept as a reference. The samples underwent a comprehensive characterization regimen of mechanical tension, compression and flexural testing. Thermal and microscale mechanical properties were also analyzed to explore the extent of the appreciated modifications as a function of processing conditions. Findings Thermal and microscale mechanical properties remained almost unaltered, whereas the mesoscale mechanical behavior varied from the as-printed to the after-autoclaving specimens. Although the mechanical behavior reported a pronounced dependence on the printing orientation, sterilization had minimal effects on the properties of 3D printed PMMA structures. Nonetheless, notable changes in appearance were attributed, and heat reversed as a response to thermally driven conformational rearrangements of the molecules. Originality/value This research further deepens the viability of 3D printed PMMA for biomedical applications, contributing to the overall comprehension of the polymer and the thermal processes associated with its implementation in biomedical applications, including personalized implants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale characterization of additively manufactured PMMA: the influence of sterilization

Rufo-Martín,

Mantecón,

Youssef

et al. 2024

RPJ

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“…20 Yet, only a few studies have evaluated the poststerilization effects on patient guides, [21][22][23][24][25][26] the majority of which focus on steam methods using polymers such as polylactic acid and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. [21][22][23][24][25] However, these polymers are not always considered biocompatible and the long-term effects of contact with patient tissues are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 While effective sterilization is critical for patient-specific instrumentation, there are concerns regarding the possibility of dimensional changes during the process, which could have a deleterious impact on the accuracy of implant placement and, therefore, on surgical outcome. 20 Yet, only a few studies have evaluated the poststerilization effects on patient guides, [21][22][23][24][25][26] the majority of which focus on steam methods using polymers such as polylactic acid and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. [21][22][23][24][25] However, these polymers are not always considered biocompatible and the long-term effects of contact with patient tissues are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-sterilization Dimensional Accuracy of Methacrylate Monomer Biocompatible Three-Dimensionally Printed Mock Surgical Guides

Marturello

Déjardin

2023

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-sterilization dimensional accuracy of a standardized drilling guide, three-dimensionally printed using biocompatible methacrylate monomers. Study Design A mock surgical guide was designed and printed in five resins (n = 5/material) using a commercially available desktop stereolithography printer. Pre- and post-sterilization dimensions were measured for each sterilization method (steam, ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide gas), then statistically compared; p-value less than or equal 0.05 was considered significant. Results While all resins produced highly accurate replicas of the designed guide, the amber and black resins were unaffected by any sterilization method (p ≥ 0.9). For other materials, ethylene oxide produced the largest dimensional changes. However, mean post-sterilization dimensional changes for all materials and sterilization methods remained less than or equal to 0.05mm Conclusion This study demonstrated that post-sterilization dimensional change of evaluated biomaterials was minimal, and less than previously reported. Additionally, amber and black resins may be preferred to reduce post-sterilization dimensional change, as they were unaffected by any sterilization method. Given the results of this study, surgeons should feel confident using the Form 3B printer to create patient surgical guides. Furthermore, bioresins may provide safer alternatives for patients compared with other three-dimensional printed materials.

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Approaching 3D printing in oral and maxillofacial surgery – suggestions for structured clinical standards

Goetze,

Zeller,

Pabst

2024

Oral Maxillofac Surg

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Autoclave sterilization of an in-house 3D-printed polylactic acid piece: biological safety and heat-induced deformation

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Multiscale characterization of additively manufactured PMMA: the influence of sterilization

Multiscale characterization of additively manufactured PMMA: the influence of sterilization

Post-sterilization Dimensional Accuracy of Methacrylate Monomer Biocompatible Three-Dimensionally Printed Mock Surgical Guides

Approaching 3D printing in oral and maxillofacial surgery – suggestions for structured clinical standards

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