Autochthonous Onchocerca lupi infection of a domestic dog in Austria

Unterköfler, Maria Sophia; Huck, Alexandra; Silbermayr, Katja; Fuehrer, Hans‐Peter

doi:10.1186/s13071-023-05681-9

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…Over the past decade, Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) has attracted growing interest from the scientific community across continents 1 . From original taxonomic description in a Caucasian wolf 2 , this filarioid nematode has been widely reported as a causative agent of ocular infection in domestic dogs and cats, as well as in wild carnivores (wolves, coyotes), particularly in Europe and North America [3][4][5][6] . In animals, O. lupi microfilariae (mfs) are found in the cutaneous tissues 7,8 , whilst adult worms reside in the ocular connective tissues (i.e., eyelids, conjunctiva, and sclera) and, although infections are often asymptomatic, clinical signs ranging from acute or chronic ocular disease (i.e., periorbital swellings, photophobia or blindness) may be observed 1,5,8 .…”

Section: Development Of An Indirect Elisa For the Serodiagnosis Of Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an indirect ELISA for the serodiagnosis of canine infection by Onchocerca lupi

Latrofa,

Louzada-Flores,

Maia

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Onchocercalupi is a zoonotic filarioid parasite of dogs and cats with widespread distribution. A specific non-invasive diagnostic assay for the detection of O.lupi infections remains unavailable. This study aimed to assess the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of an ELISA test designed using nine peptides from two O.lupi proteins. Sera (n = 54) collected from O.lupi infected dogs from endemic areas (Portugal and USA), alongside sera from dogs positive for Dirofilariaimmitis, D.repens, Cercopithifilariabainae, and Acanthocheilonemareconditum (n = 53) from a non-endemic area for O.lupi, as well as from helminth-free dogs (n = 60), were tested. The checkerboard titration method was applied for the optimization of peptide concentrations and conjugate anti-dog dilutions. Sensitivity, specificity, and optimal cut-off values were calculated using ROC curve analysis. All peptides reacted against sera of O.lupi, with no correlation between optic density (OD) values and microfilariae (mfs) loads. Sensitivity and specificity values ranging from 85.45 to 100%, and 88.89% to 100%, respectively, were recorded for all peptides examined, with 100% specificity and sensitivity observed for peptides 40_3, 40_5, 130_3, 120_3 and 40_1, 130_5, respectively. The maximum cut-off value was observed for peptides 40_5 (0.765) and 40_3 (0.708). Testing of sera from dogs positive for other filarioids resulted in lower OD values (up to 1.565) for peptides 40_3 and 40_5 when compared with O.lupi (up to 2.929). The availability of this assay will be of value in epidemiological studies of canine O.lupi infection in both endemic and non-endemic areas, and in assessing the risk for zoonotic transmission.

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Section: Development Of An Indirect Elisa For the Serodiagnosis Of Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an indirect ELISA for the serodiagnosis of canine infection by Onchocerca lupi

Latrofa,

Louzada-Flores,

Maia

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as putative vectors of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in northern Arizona and New Mexico, southwestern United States

Roe,

Holiday,

Upshaw-Bia

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Onchocerca lupi (Rodonaja, 1967) is an understudied, vector-borne, filarioid nematode that causes ocular onchocercosis in dogs, cats, coyotes, wolves, and is also capable of infecting humans. Onchocercosis in dogs has been reported with increasing incidence worldwide. However, despite the growing number of reports describing canine O. lupi cases as well as zoonotic infections globally, the disease prevalence in endemic areas and vector species of this parasite remains largely unknown. Here, our study aimed to identify the occurrence of O. lupi infected dogs in northern Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, United States and identify the vector of this nematode. A total of 532 skin samples from randomly selected companion animals with known geographic locations within the Navajo Reservation were collected and molecularly surveyed by PCR for the presence of O. lupi DNA (September 2019–June 2022) using previously published nematode primers (COI) and DNA sequencing. O. lupi DNA was detected in 50 (9.4%) sampled animals throughout the reservation. Using positive animal samples to target geographic locations, pointed hematophagous insect trapping was performed to identify potential O. lupi vectors. Out of 1,922 insects screened, 38 individual insects and 19 insect pools tested positive for the presence of O. lupi, all of which belong to the Diptera family. This increased surveillance of definitive host and biological vector/intermediate host is the first large scale prevalence study of O. lupi in companion animals in an endemic area of the United States, and identified an overall prevalence of 9.4% in companion animals as well as multiple likely biological vector and putative vector species in the southwestern United States. Furthermore, the identification of these putative vectors in close proximity to human populations coupled with multiple, local zoonotic cases highlight the One Health importance of O. lupi.

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Autochthonous Onchocerca lupi infection of a domestic dog in Austria

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Development of an indirect ELISA for the serodiagnosis of canine infection by Onchocerca lupi

Development of an indirect ELISA for the serodiagnosis of canine infection by Onchocerca lupi

Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as putative vectors of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in northern Arizona and New Mexico, southwestern United States

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