Autochthonous Limosilactobacillus reuteri BFE7 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF17 probiotics consortium supplementation improves performance, immunity, and selected gut health indices in Murrah buffalo calves

Host-specific probiotics feeding influence growth, gut microbiota, and fecal biomarkers in buffalo calves

“…The post-natal period of ruminants is the most critical time window for appropriate development, optimal functioning, and maturation of GIT. Earlier work has recapitulated the profound impacts of early life administration of certain bacterial inocula on the performance and gut microbial communities in preruminant dairy calves (Kumar et al 2021a ; Varada et al 2022 ; Wu et al 2021 ). Our in vitro compatibility assay showed that Limosilactobacillus reuteri BF-E7 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF-17 were synergistic and complemented each other functionally, thus may exhibit additive techno-functional properties in vivo.…”

“…The altered fecal metabolites (lactate and ammonia) levels might be associated with a possible shift in the pattern of fermentation (proteolysis to saccharolytic activity) and lowered urease action of gut microbes (Kumar et al 2021b ). Another possible explanation for this observation might be that PF supplementation could increase the abundance of health positive bacteria while decreasing the pathobionts in the buffalo calf's gut (Varada et al 2022 ). Thus, increased lactic acid concentration and lower pH in the gut system create unfavourable conditions that offer resistance to the colonization of potentially infective organisms in the intestinal epithelium of the host, consequently reducing calves’ susceptibility to enteric diseases.…”

“…Both the activated Lactobacillus cultures were inoculated into MRS broth (1 L) at 2% (v/v) and incubated under the above-mentioned conditions. The bacterial cell pellets were harvested after centrifugation (10000 g for 10 min at 4 °C), then washed twice with 50 mL of sterile phosphate buffer saline and lyophilized according to Fernández et al ( 2018 ) and Varada et al ( 2022 ) with minor modifications. The standard plate count method was used to enumerate the bacterial numbers [colony forming unit (CFU/g)] of the lyophilized probiotic product (Bayatkouhsar et al 2013 ).…”

“…An increasing number of studies have reported that multispecies probiotic supplementation confers numerous health benefits, including improved growth performance and gut health indices of animals, thus indicating its remarkable potential to be used as a microbial feed additive in calf nutrition (Cangiano et al 2020 ; Wu et al 2021 ; Guo et al 2022 ). Various researchers have also successfully demonstrated the efficacy of host-specific (autochthonous) probiotics in poultry (Reuben et al 2022 ), calves (Fernández et al 2020 ; Varada et al 2022 ), canines (Kumar et al 2017 ), and pigs (Oh et al 2021 ). Given the fact that probiotics derived from the original target host have been evidently revealed to be more efficacious than other source origins (allochthonous) (Fernández et al 2018 ; Kumar et al 2022 ), future strategies should focus on exploiting native multispecies probiotics to reduce the severity and incidence of NCD in dairy calves.…”

An Overview of Waste Milk Feeding Effect on Growth Performance, Metabolism, Antioxidant Status and Immunity of Dairy Calves

“…Likewise, MR can positively affect calf rumen development ( 59 ). Interestingly, most studies have focused on the effects of combining milk replacer with other beneficial supplements, such as probiotics and milk replacer, on the calf rumen ( 60 , 61 ). Indeed, a study found that adding probiotics to MR improved rumen development ( 61 ).…”