Autochthonous and allochthonous strata of the El Callao greenstone belt: Implications for the nature of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Amazonian orogeny and the origin of gold-bearing shear zones in the El Callao mining district, Guayana shield, Venezuela

Hildebrand, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2005.09.009

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In old orogens in Archean cratons, deeper crustal levels are typically exposed, and these orogens have been subjected to further later tectonic overprinting events. Despite this, clear orogenic tectonic zonations similar to those of the Alps and Appalachians have been documented from the 2.5 Ga North China , 2.6 Ga Slave (Bleeker and Hall, 2007;Kusky, 1989), 2.7 Ga Brazilian (Hildebrand, 2005), 2.7 Ga Zimbabwe (Kusky, 1998), 3.5 Ga Pilbara (Hickman, 2012) and Yilgarn (Myers, 1995) cratons.…”

Section: Geological Evidence For the Operation Of Plate Tectonics In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological Evidence for the Operation of Plate Tectonics throughout the Archean: Records from Archean Paleo-Plate Boundaries

2018

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Plate tectonics describes the horizontal motion of rigid lithospheric plates away from midoceanic ridges and parallel to transforms, towards deep-sea trenches, where the oceanic lithosphere is subducted into the mantle. This process is the surface expression of modern-day heat loss from Earth. One of the biggest questions in Geosciences today is "when did plate tectonics begin on Earth" with a wide range of theories based on an equally diverse set of constraints from geology, geochemistry, numerical modeling, or pure speculation. In this contribution, we turn the coin over and ask "when was the last appearance in the geological record for which there is proof that plate tectonics did not operate on the planet as it does today". We apply the laws of uniformitarianism to the rock record to ask how far back in time is the geologic record consistent with presently-operating kinematics of plate motion, before which some other mechanisms of planetary heat loss may have been in operation. Some have suggested that evidence shows that there was no plate tectonics before 800 Ma ago, others sometime before 1.8-2.7 Ga, or before 2.7 Ga. Still others recognize evidence for plate tectonics as early as 3.0 Ga, 3.3-3.5 Ga, the age of the oldest rocks, or in the Hadean before 4.3 Ga. A key undiscussed question is: why is there such a diversity of opinion about the age at which plate tectonics can be shown to not have operated, and what criteria are the different research groups using to define plate tectonics, and to recognize evidence of plate tectonics in very old rocks? Here, we present and evaluate data from the rock record, constrained by relevant geochemical-isotopic data, and conclude that the evidence shows indubitably that plate tectonics has been operating at least since the formation of the oldest rocks, albeit with some differences in processes, compositions, and products in earlier times of higher heat generation and mantle temperature, weaker oceanic lithosphere, hotter subduction zones caused by more slab-melt generation, and under different biological and atmospheric conditions.

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Section: Geological Evidence For the Operation Of Plate Tectonics In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological Evidence for the Operation of Plate Tectonics throughout the Archean: Records from Archean Paleo-Plate Boundaries

2018

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“…Use of the terms actualistic and non-actualistic, following the meanings embraced in this present paper, can be found for example in Albritton (1967), Baker (2002), Bernoulli andJenkyns (2009), Cannon (1976), Dominici and Zuschin (2005), Dornbos (2006), Hamilton (1998aHamilton ( , 2010, Hildebrand (2005), Lawrence (1978), Macnaughton et al (1997), Marriner et al (2010), Nisbet (2002), Ospovat (1977), Pflüger and Gresse (1996), Romano (2013), and Rudwick (1967Rudwick ( , 1975. In all these examples, the terms are used as stand-alones and not as reductionist synonyms of uniformitarianism.…”

Section: What Remains Of Uniformitarianism In the Modern Understandinmentioning

confidence: 84%

Reviewing the term uniformitarianism in modern Earth sciences

Romano

2015

Earth-Science Reviews

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“…He moved to Tucson (Arizona), where he worked as a professional photographer and contract exploration geologist. In Venezuela, he introduced mobilistic structural concepts to the gold-bearing Trans-Amazonian (geon 21) greenstone belts of the Guyana Shield (Hildebrand 2005 (Hildebrand et al 2010a, b), a multicolour 1:500 000-scale compilation map of northern Wopmay orogen and the Coppermine homocline (Hildebrand 2011), and multicolour 1:100 000-scale bedrock geology maps of the Leith Peninsula and Calder River (NTS 86E-F) map-areas (Hildebrand in press a, b). Louise Corriveau, who brightened my 1979 field party as a student assistant, authorized funding for map production.…”

Section: ) His Most Controversial Paper Is the Great Alaskan Termentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tooth of Time: The North American Cordillera from Tanya Atwater to Karin Sigloch

Hoffman¹

2013

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Autochthonous and allochthonous strata of the El Callao greenstone belt: Implications for the nature of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Amazonian orogeny and the origin of gold-bearing shear zones in the El Callao mining district, Guayana shield, Venezuela

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Geological Evidence for the Operation of Plate Tectonics throughout the Archean: Records from Archean Paleo-Plate Boundaries

Geological Evidence for the Operation of Plate Tectonics throughout the Archean: Records from Archean Paleo-Plate Boundaries

Reviewing the term uniformitarianism in modern Earth sciences

The Tooth of Time: The North American Cordillera from Tanya Atwater to Karin Sigloch

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