Autobiographical memory and mentalizing impairment in personality disorders and schizophrenia: clinical and research implications

Dimaggio, Giancarlo; Salvatore, Giampaolo; Popolo, Raffaele; Lysaker, Paul H.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00529

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…While heightened rejection sensitivity is characteristic of BPD (e.g. Peters, Smart, & Baer, 2014b; Staebler, Helbing, Rosenbach, & Renneberg, 2010), individuals with personality disorders also have greater difficulty recalling the individual or specific memories necessary for value development (Dimaggio, Salvatore, Popolo, & Lysaker, 2012). This lack of well-established personal values may contribute to the lower levels of adaptive guilt in individuals with BPD, as guilt-proneness is associated with the identification of a range of values, whereas shame-proneness is more weakly related (Silfver, Helkama, Lönnqvist, & Verkasalo, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borderline personality disorder and self-conscious affect: Too much shame but not enough guilt?

Peters¹,

Geiger²

2016

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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Shame has emerged as a particularly relevant emotion to the maintenance and exacerbation of borderline personality disorder (BPD) features; however, little attention has been paid to the potentially differing effects of other forms of self-conscious affect. While guilt has been demonstrated to have adaptive functions in the social psychology literature, it has not been previously explored whether a lack of socially adaptive guilt might also contribute to BPD-related dysfunction. The present study examined the relationship between BPD features and self-conscious emotions in a sample of undergraduate students (n=839). Increased shame and decreased guilt independently accounted for significant variance in the association between BPD features and anger, hostility, and externalization of blame. Only increased shame significantly mediated the association between BPD features and anger rumination, and only decreased guilt significantly mediated the relationship between BPD features and aggression. These findings suggest BPD and its associated problems with anger and externalizing may be characterized not only by high levels of shame, but also by lower levels of guilt. Clinical implications include the need to differentiate between self-conscious emotions and teach adaptive responses to warranted guilt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borderline personality disorder and self-conscious affect: Too much shame but not enough guilt?

Peters¹,

Geiger²

2016

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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“…The hypothesis of a close relation between episodic memory and ToM processes is supported by evidence that episodic memory and ToM emerge close in time during development (Perner and Ruffman, 1995). Moreover, patient populations with ToM impairments, such as high-functioning autism (Adler et al, 2010) and schizophrenia (Corcoran and Frith, 2003), as well as patients with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (Stone et al, 1998; Stuss et al, 2001; Shamay-Tsoory et al, 2005, 2009; Ciaramelli et al, 2012) also show a (possibly parallel) impairment in autobiographical recollection (see Gilboa and Moscovitch, 2002; Dimaggio et al, 2012; for reviews), as well as functional abnormalities in the brain default network (e.g., Kennedy et al, 2006; Harrison et al, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualized Theory of Mind (iToM): When Memory Modulates Empathy

Ciaramelli¹,

Bernardi²,

Moscovitch³

2013

Front. Psychology

125

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Functional neuroimaging studies have noted that brain regions supporting theory of mind (ToM) overlap remarkably with those underlying episodic memory, suggesting a link between the two processes. The present study shows that memory for others’ past experiences modulates significantly our appraisal of, and reaction to, what is happening to them currently. Participants read the life story of two characters; one had experienced a long series of love-related failures, the other a long series of work-related failures. In a later faux pas recognition task, participants reported more empathy for the character unlucky in love in love-related faux pas scenarios, and for the character unlucky at work in work-related faux pas scenarios. The memory-based modulation of empathy correlated with the number of details remembered from the characters’ life story. These results suggest that individuals use memory for other people’s past experiences to simulate how they feel in similar situations they are currently facing. The integration of ToM and memory processes allows adjusting mental state inferences to fit unique social targets, constructing an individualized ToM.

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“…It has been suggested that an impoverished autobiographical memory may hinder the ability to think in more complex ways about oneself or others (Dimaggio et al, 2012). This notion has led to the development of promising therapeutic approaches that consider the complex interplay of autobiographical memory and metacognitive impairments (Lysaker et al, 2011;Bargenquast and Schweitzer, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between insight and autobiographical memory for emotional events in schizophrenia

MacDougall

McKinnon

Herdman

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research

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Autobiographical memory and mentalizing impairment in personality disorders and schizophrenia: clinical and research implications

Cited by 30 publications

References 60 publications

Borderline personality disorder and self-conscious affect: Too much shame but not enough guilt?

Borderline personality disorder and self-conscious affect: Too much shame but not enough guilt?

Individualized Theory of Mind (iToM): When Memory Modulates Empathy

The relationship between insight and autobiographical memory for emotional events in schizophrenia

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