Autoantibodies: Potential clinical applications in early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA) are the two main types of gastrointestinal cancers that pose a huge threat to human health. ESCC remains one of the most common malignant diseases around the world. In contrast to the decreasing prevalence of ESCC, the incidence of EGJA is rising rapidly. Early detection represents one of the most promising ways to improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality of these cancers. Current approaches for early diagnosis mainly depend on invasive and costly endoscopy. Non-invasive biomarkers are in great need to facilitate earlier detection for better clinical management of patients. Tumor-associated autoantibodies can be detected at an early stage before manifestations of clinical signs of tumorigenesis, making them promising biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of ESCC and EGJA. In this review, we summarize recent insights into the iden-tification and validation of tumor-associated autoantibodies for the early detection of ESCC and EGJA and discuss the challenges remaining for clinical validation.

Identification of Novel Autoantibodies Based on the Human Proteomic Chips and Evaluation of Their Performance in the Detection of Gastric Cancer

“…The ranges of AUC, sensitivity, specificity was 0.51-0.80, 23.4-87.5, and 36.0-93.2%, respectively. These results are consistent with previous reports (15,49). Meanwhile, many studies have shown that combinational utilization of multiple TAAbs may potentially improve the diagnostic accuracy for cancers.…”

“…Many studies have shown that TAAbs can be used to detect cancer. However, previous studies also have shown that the diagnostic performance of a single anti-TAA autoantibody was not sufficient to be used in the screening of cancers (15,49). In our study, two independent cohorts (verification cohort and validation cohort) were used to verify the discovered TAAbs and evaluate the diagnostic value of a single TAAb for GC cases.…”

Blood-based Markers in the Prognostic Prediction of Esophagogastric Junction Cancer

“…However, in univariate and multivariate analysis, only CA19-9 served as a useful prognostic factor in patients with EJA (for CSS: HR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.41 -10.33; for OS: HR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.03 -5.35). Recently, a review highly commented the value of autoantibodies in the detection of esophageal cancer and EJA [64], but there lacks related studies using autoantibodies to discuss their accuracy in predicting survival time of EJA patients.…”

KIF4A enhanced cell proliferation and migration via Hippo signaling and predicted a poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

“…In China, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main histological type, accounting for about 90% of esophageal cancer 2,3 . With the emergence of a combination of surgical treatments, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the survival rate of ESCC patients has improved, but the overall five‐year survival rate is still low 4,5 . Therefore, further study of the pathogenesis of ESCC to establish effective methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is urgently required.…”