Auto-presentation of Staphylococcal enterotoxin A by mouse CD4&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; T cells

Rasooly, Reuven; Paula, María; Hernlem, Bradley J.

doi:10.4236/oji.2011.11002

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Higher T-cell activation and IL-2 secretion play an important role in the clinical manifestations of SEs mediated toxic shock syndrome. The finding that accessory cells play a significant role to induce T cell activation is in accordance with our previous work [26]. Depletion of accessory cells from splenic tissue using positive selection to enrich concentration of CD4 + T cell from 22% to 90% resulted in similar proliferative response as the splenocyte cell.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

TCR-Vβ8 as Alternative to Animal Testing for Quantifying Active SEE

Rasooly¹,

Do²,

He³

et al. 2017

J Environ Anal Toxicol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

TCR-Vβ8 as Alternative to Animal Testing for Quantifying Active SEE

Rasooly¹,

Do²,

He³

et al. 2017

J Environ Anal Toxicol

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“…During our search for a replacement for the above in vivo assay, we discovered and demonstrated that a subtype of mouse naïve CD4 + T cells expresses MHC class II on their cell surface, and that these CD4 + T cells can perform the roles of both antigen presenting cells and T cells [ 7 ]. We tried to use this previously undescribed population of mouse naïve CD4 + T cells for developing activity assays for detection of SEs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SEs bind directly to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II of antigen presenting cells (APC) and present them to T-cells [ 6 ]. Additionally, without the safety mechanism requiring cellular interaction between APC and T-cells, SEs are able to bind directly to MHC class II expressed on a small subset of naïve CD4 + T cells that perform the role of both APC and T cells [ 7 ]. This interaction causes massive nonspecific activation of the immune system and stimulates ~20% of the naïve T-cell population [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive, Rapid, Quantitative and in Vitro Method for the Detection of Biologically Active Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type E

Rasooly

Paula

Hernlem

2016

Toxins

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Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial cause of clinical infections and foodborne illnesses through its production of a group of enterotoxins (SEs) which cause gastroenteritis and also function as superantigens to massively activate T cells. In the present study, we tested Staphylococcal enterotoxin type E (SEE), which was detected in 17 of the 38 suspected staphylococcal food poisoning incidents in a British study and was the causative agent in outbreaks in France, UK and USA. The current method for detection of enterotoxin activity is an in vivo monkey or kitten bioassay; however, this expensive procedure has low sensitivity and poor reproducibility, requires many animals, is impractical to test on a large number of samples, and raises ethical concerns with regard to the use of experimental animals. The purpose of this study is to develop rapid sensitive and quantitative bioassays for detection of active SEE. We apply a genetically engineered T cell-line expressing the luciferase reporter gene under the regulation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells response element (NFAT-RE), combined with a Raji B-cell line that presents the SEE-MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II to the engineered T cell line. Exposure of the above mixed culture to SEE induces differential expression of the luciferase gene and bioluminescence is read out in a dose dependent manner over a 6-log range. The limit of detection of biologically active SEE is 1 fg/mL which is 109 times more sensitive than the monkey and kitten bioassay.

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“…It was demonstrated that γδ T cells are capable of expressing MHC class II molecules, and function as antigen presenting cells (APC) (Cheng et al ., ). Our previous work has shown that a subtype of mouse naïve CD4 + T cells expresses MHC class II on their cell surface and that these CD4 + T cells can perform the role of both APC and T cells, able to present SEA to itself or neighboring CD4 + T cells via MHC class II, thus inducing CD4 + T‐cell proliferation in the absence of macrophages, dendritic cells or B lymphocytes (Rasooly et al ., ). In this work, we identified genes that were altered in CD4 + T‐cells following short‐term ex vivo exposure to SEA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

CD154 as a potential early molecular biomarker for rapid quantification analysis of active Staphylococcus enterotoxin A

Rasooly

Hernlem

2011

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen producing a group of 21 enterotoxins (SEs). These enterotoxins have two separate but related biological activities. They cause gastroenteritis, and they function as superantigens that activate large numbers of T cells. In the current study, we demonstrate that short-term ex vivo exposure of primary naïve CD4(+) T-cells to SEA induces differential expression of the T cell surface receptor CD154 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, we show that SEA induces higher CD154 protein expression and higher splenocyte cell proliferation compared with SEB. We also demonstrate that expression of CD154 can be used for rapid detection of active SEA in milk.

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Auto-presentation of Staphylococcal enterotoxin A by mouse CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

TCR-Vβ8 as Alternative to Animal Testing for Quantifying Active SEE

TCR-Vβ8 as Alternative to Animal Testing for Quantifying Active SEE

Sensitive, Rapid, Quantitative and in Vitro Method for the Detection of Biologically Active Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type E

CD154 as a potential early molecular biomarker for rapid quantification analysis of active Staphylococcus enterotoxin A

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