Auto-ignition of direct injection spray of light naphtha, primary reference fuels, gasoline and gasoline surrogate

Abstract

In this work, the spray and auto-ignition characteristics of light naphtha (LN), primary reference fuels (PRF65, PRF95), Haltermann gasoline (CARB LEVIII, 10vol% ethanol), and a gasoline surrogate were studied in an optically accessible constant volume combustion chamber. An outwardly opening hollow cone piezoelectric gasoline direct injection fuel injector was used. Five ambient temperatures from 650 to 950 K with a 75 K step were selected with a fixed ambient density of 3.5 kg/m 3 , similar to the Spray G density defined by the engine combustion network 2 (ECN). Fuel auto-ignition was achieved with varying ignition delays for the five investigated fuels depending on the selected experimental conditions. Results show that the auto-ignition locations are randomly distributed in the combustion chamber. Differences in ignition delay times among the five fuels are more significant when the ambient temperature is lower than 750 K. When the ambient temperature is lower than 750 K, PRF95 always has the longest ignition delay and LN has the shortest. Ignition delays of the five fuels are almost identical when the ambient temperature exceeds 750 K. Meanwhile, the five fuels have a similar spray front penetration length and spray angles before the occurrence of auto-ignition under all the investigated conditions.

Soot characteristics of high-reactivity gasoline under compression-ignition conditions using a gasoline direct injection (GDI) piezoelectric fuel injector

“…Optical access to the chamber volume is provided by a quartz window on one of the six ports. Detailed information can be found in earlier publications of our research group [59]. Figure 1 shows the schematic of the constant volume chamber with a two-color pyrometer setup.…”

Formulation of a Jet Fuel Surrogate and Its Kinetic Chemical Mechanism by Emulating Physical and Chemical Properties of Real Jet Fuel

“…It is necessary to validate the current mechanism on IDT because the fuel auto-ignition behaviors characterized by IDT are important for engine combustion and emission performances [34]. Figure 5 exhibits a comparison of the measured and simulated IDTs for toluene in a shock tube under varying conditions of temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratios.…”

Operating of Gasoline Engine Using Naphtha and Octane Boosters from Waste as Fuel Additives

“…Naphtha is used as a source for fuel production due to its large energy content, where the amount of created chemical energy measured to be 3.14 megajoules of energy per litter [28][29][30]. Moreover, naphtha is used in many other applications as a fuel, including stoves, heating units, lanterns, cigarette lighters, and blowtorches due to its clean-burning in addition to its utilization as a fuel additive [31].…”

“…Wang et al [29] studied the auto ignition characteristics of gasoline-naphtha blend fuel spray in a constant volume optically accessible combustion chamber using light naphtha at different blending ratios. Varying ignition delay was used to achieve auto-ignition of the tested fuel samples according to the adopted experimental conditions.…”