Autistic symptoms in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Clark, Trevor; Feehan, Catherine; Tinline, C.; Vostanis, Panos

doi:10.1007/s007870050083

Cited by 205 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The current study confirms the high levels of PDD symptoms in children with ADHD (Clark et al 1999, Luteijn et al 2000, Reiersen et al 2007, Santosh and Mijovic 2004. Our study sample consisted of children with ADHD combined type, a subtype that has previously been reported to have the highest levels of PDD symptoms compared to other ADHD subtypes (Reiersen et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This potential overlap is supported by findings of the presence of symptoms of PDD in children with ADHD, and vice versa. The PDD symptoms that are reported to occur most frequently and in a majority of children with ADHD are impairments in social interaction, especially the inability to conceive other individuals' feelings and thoughts (Buitelaar et al 1999, Clark et al 1999, Santosh and Mijovic 2004. Symptoms of communication problems, and stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, have been reported to occur frequently as well in children with ADHD (Clark et al 1999, Santosh andMijovic 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PDD Symptoms in ADHD, an Independent Familial Trait?

Nijmeijer

Hoekstra

Minderaa

et al. 2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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The aims of this study were to investigate whether subtle PDD symptoms in the context of ADHD are transmitted in families independent of ADHD, and whether PDD symptom familiality is influenced by gender and age. The sample consisted of 256 sibling pairs with at least one child with ADHD and 147 healthy controls, aged 5-19 years. Children who fulfilled criteria for autistic disorder were excluded. The Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) was used to assess PDD symptoms. Probands, siblings, and controls were compared using analyses of variance. Sibling correlations were calculated for CSBQ scores after controlling for IQ, ADHD, and comorbid anxiety. In addition, we calculated cross-sibling cross-trait correlations. Both children with ADHD and their siblings had higher PDD levels than healthy controls. The sibling correlation was 0.28 for the CSBQ total scale, with the CSBQ stereotyped behavior subscale showing the strongest sibling correlation (r=0.35). Sibling correlations remained similar in strength after controlling for IQ and ADHD, and were not confounded by comorbid anxiety. Sibling correlations were higher in female than in male probands. The social subscale showed stronger sibling correlations in elder than in younger sibling pairs. Crosssibling cross-trait correlations for PDD and ADHD were weak and not-significant. The results confirm that children with ADHD have high levels of PDD symptoms, and further suggest that the familiality of subtle PDD symptoms in the context of ADHD is largely independent from ADHD familiality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PDD Symptoms in ADHD, an Independent Familial Trait?

Nijmeijer

Hoekstra

Minderaa

et al. 2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…Additionally, our findings are the first to demonstrate that such associations occur above and beyond the concurrent association between these traits at an earlier age. ADHD is common in individuals with ASD, and traits of ASD appear elevated in ADHD (Clark et al 1999 ;Reiersen et al 2007). Hence, the strength of the association between earlier traits of ADHD at the age of 8 years and traits of ASD at the age of 12 years is not entirely surprising ; the question is why it is stronger than the reverse association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental associations between traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a genetically informative, longitudinal twin study

et al. 2012

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Developmental associations between traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a genetically informative, longitudinal twin study. Psychological Medicine, Available on CJO doi:10.1017/S003329171200253X Background. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and associated subclinical traits, regularly co-occur with one another. However, the aetiology of their co-occurrence remains poorly understood. This paper provides the first genetically informative, longitudinal analysis of the interaction between traits of ASD and ADHD, and explores their genetic and environmental overlap.Method. Parents of approximately 5000 twin pairs completed questionnaires assessing traits of ASD and ADHD when twins were aged 8 and 12 years. Cross-lagged longitudinal modelling explored their developmental association, enabling a consideration of phenotypic-driven processes. Overlapping aetiological influences on traits at age 12 years were explored using bivariate twin modelling.Results. Traits of ADHD at age 8 years were more strongly predictive of traits of ASD at 12 years than traits of ASD at 8 years were of traits of ADHD at 12 years. Analysis of traits by subscales assessing specific symptom domains suggested that communication difficulties were most strongly associated with traits of ADHD. Bivariate modelling suggested moderate genetic overlap on traits in males (genetic correlation=0.41), and a modest degree of overlap in females (genetic correlation=0.23) at age 12 years.Conclusions. Traits of ADHD at age 8 years significantly influence traits of ASD at age 12 years, after controlling for their initial relationship at age 8 years. In particular, early ADHD traits influenced later communication difficulties. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of co-occurring traits across development. In addition, these findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that traits of ASD and ADHD may arise via similar aetiological processes.

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“…Clinic and population-based studies have found elevated AT scores in children and adults meeting diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV;American Psychiatric Association, 1994;Clark et al, 1999;Nydén et al, 2010;Reiersen et al, 2007). Similarly, the presence of clinically signifi cant ADHD symptoms has been identifi ed in children and adults with ASD (Goldstein and Schwebach, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD Symptoms, Autistic Traits, and Substance Use and Misuse in Adult Australian Twins

Alwis

Agrawal

Reiersen

et al. 2014

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur. Several studies show increased risk of substance use disorders in ADHD, yet there is limited information related to how ADHD symptoms, autistic traits, and their combined effects are associated with nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use and use disorders in the general population. Method: Cross-sectional interview and self-report questionnaire data from 3,080 young adult Australian twins (mean age 31.9 years) were used to assess ADHD symptoms, autistic traits, substance use, and substance use disorders. Substance use disorders-based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria-were assessed in the full sample as well as in those who reported substance use. Logistic regression analyses were used for comparing the associations between ADHD symptoms, autistic traits, substance use, and substance misuse after conduct disorder, sex, age, and zygosity were controlled for. Results: Greater ADHD symptoms and autistic traits scores were associated with elevated levels of regular smoking; cannabis use; and nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use disorders, even after conduct disorder was adjusted for. In contrast, for alcohol use, those with high autistic traits scores were less likely to report drinking to intoxication. However, upon initiation, and similar to the fi ndings for nicotine and cannabis, they were at elevated risk for developing alcohol dependence. Conclusions: Increased liability to ADHD and elevated autistic traits scores were associated with substance use and misuse, with the exception of alcohol use. Given the social underpinnings of drinking, persons with autistic traits may be less likely to engage in it; however, upon engagement in drinking, their vulnerability to alcohol dependence is elevated. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 211-221, 2014)

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Autistic symptoms in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 205 publications

References 20 publications

PDD Symptoms in ADHD, an Independent Familial Trait?

PDD Symptoms in ADHD, an Independent Familial Trait?

Developmental associations between traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a genetically informative, longitudinal twin study

ADHD Symptoms, Autistic Traits, and Substance Use and Misuse in Adult Australian Twins

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