Autism trait prevalence in treatment seeking adolescents and adults attending specialist gender services

Lehmann, Katrin; Rosato, Michael; McKenna, Hugh; Leavey, Gerard

doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.23

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…To examine the prevalence of ASD caseness in GD/GI cohorts, researchers have relied on cutoff scores from ASD screening questionnaires. Studies have shown that the positive rates for ASD range from 14.5 to 68% in GD/GI children and adolescents (Akgül et al, 2018;Leef et al, 2019;Mahfouda et al, 2019;Shumer et al, 2016;Skagerberg et al, 2015;VanderLaan, Leef, et al, 2015;van der Miesen, de Vries, et al, 2018) and from 1.2 to 40.3% in GD/GI adults (Heylens et al, 2018;Jones et al, 2012;Kristensen & Broome, 2015;Lehmann et al, 2020;Murphy et al, 2020;Nobili et al, 2018;Nobili et al, 2020;Pasterski et al, 2014;Stagg & Vincent, 2019;Vermaat et al, 2018). However, the incidence of ASD caseness ranges widely depending on the cutoff scores used.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Asd Casenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Kallitsounaki

Williams

2022

J Autism Dev Disord

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The suggested overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria/incongruence (GD/GI) has been much disputed. This review showed a relationship between ASD traits and GD feelings in the general population and a high prevalence of GD/GI in ASD. Our meta-analyses revealed that the pooled estimate of the prevalence of ASD diagnoses in GD/GI people was 11% (p < .001) and the overall effect size of the difference in ASD traits between GD/GI and control people was significant (g = 0.67, p < .001). Heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses. We demonstrated that the chances that there is not a link between ASD and GD/GI are negligible, yet the size of it needs further investigation.

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Section: Prevalence Of Asd Casenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Kallitsounaki

Williams

2022

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…The connection with others is a core support for individuals and socialization was a topic examined by eight papers (Cooper, Mandy, et al., 2023 ; Janssen et al., 2016 ; Kahraman et al., 2021 ; Kuvalanka et al., 2018 ; Lehmann et al., 2020 ; Mahfouda et al., 2019 ; Russell et al., 2021 ; Shumer et al., 2016 ). Many studies highlighted that autistic individuals have challenges with communication and cognitive flexibility, which contributed to difficulties in understanding social situations and conventions (Mahfouda et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parallel to this, several studies suggest that given the clear overrepresentation of autism in trans persons, it should be standard practice for all gender clinicians to screen for autistic traits in all youth who are seeking gender affirmation services, including gender affirming medical care (Lehmann et al., 2020 ; Russell et al., 2021 ). They surmise that as autistic traits often require substantial supports, if autism is identified by gender clinicians early in the process, more wholistic treatments, including gender affirming medical care/interventions, will benefit the person and provide an overall improvement to mental health and wellbeing (Cooper, Mandy, et al., 2023 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agreed individual review scores for each study are included in the results section (see Table 2 ). As can be seen in Table 2 , most of the studies were of excellent quality with modest scoring for quality (6/8) given to only three papers (Lehmann et al., 2020 ; Russell et al., 2021 ; Shumer et al., 2016 ). No studies were excluded based on quality appraisal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supporting the health and wellbeing of trans autistic school-aged youth: a systematic literature review

Manley,

Brownlow,

Brömdal

2024

International Journal of Transgender Health

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Introduction : This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to synthesize available research which examines the supports required for trans autistic school-aged youth to improve their mental health, wellbeing, and quality of life. Current literature highlights the need to support this specific school-aged population, but the research that synthesizes the existing limited research is lacking. This SLR brings together existing literature and highlights recommended inclusive interventions, programs, support mechanisms, and protective factors needed to support and promote optimal mental health and wellbeing. Methods This review followed the 2020 PRISMA Guidelines and included JBI quality appraisal tools of included studies. Three electronic databases were used, with literature search conducted on 18 July 2023. Literature, including book chapters, were assessed against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with included studies written in English, online full-text availability, peer-reviewed, and reported data relevant to research question. Abstract, full-text review, and quality appraisal were conducted by three independent reviewers to ensure rigor. Findings from included studies were synthesized using thematic analysis. Results Twenty studies were included for final synthesis with five using qualitative methodologies, two case reports, and 13 cross-sectional studies. The final synthesis comprised five themes, indicating therapy should focus on mental health, particularly internalized feelings and emotions that may lead to suicidal ideation without support, whereas interventions should support executive functioning, communication, and socialization. Clinicians should make adaptions to their clinics and practices to support the neurodivergent-related needs of their clients. Schools should work toward having well-articulated and embedded policies supporting gender affirmation and preventing bullying and ostracization to ensure trans autistic youth develop positive health and wellbeing, and overall good quality of life. Conclusions In many cases support measures discussed were limited. The complexities of supporting the needs of school-aged trans autistic youth requires further research, specifically focusing on the voices of trans autistic youth.

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“…GIFTS (Gender Identity-Finding and Transforming Services) is a mixed methods project, with findings from an associated prevalence study reported elsewhere (Lehmann et al, 2020). The qualitative study undertaken here examines the experiences of both users of specialist gender services (Knowing Our Identity-Gender Identity Development Service & Brackenburn Clinic) in Northern Ireland (NI), and a small community-derived sample of individuals living with gender-related distress.…”

Section: The Gifts Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dramaturgical Accounts of Transgender Individuals: Impression Management in the Presentation of Self to Specialist Gender Services

et al. 2021

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Demand for gender dysphoria (GD) treatment has increased markedly over the past decade. Access to gender-affirming treatments is challenging for most people. For dysphoric individuals, much is at stake. Little is known about the specific needs, challenges, and coping strategies of this hard-to-reach group. We examined the experiences of treatment-seeking adolescents and adults using in-depth unstructured interviews with 26 people attending specialist gender services and 14 transgender people not referred to services. Patients with gender dysphoria distrust clinical services and describe considerable anxiety in sustaining their impression management strategies to obtain treatment. An authentic presentation is regarded by some participants, especially non-binary individuals, as inauthentic and emotionally difficult to maintain. Impression management strategies have partial success in accessing services. The presentation of “idealized” selves may result in unmet mental health needs of patients, and the receipt of interventions incongruent with their authentic selves.

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Autism trait prevalence in treatment seeking adolescents and adults attending specialist gender services

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Supporting the health and wellbeing of trans autistic school-aged youth: a systematic literature review

Dramaturgical Accounts of Transgender Individuals: Impression Management in the Presentation of Self to Specialist Gender Services

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