Autism symptoms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Familial trait which Correlates with Conduct, Oppositional Defiant, Language and Motor Disorders

Mulligan, Aisling; Anney, Richard; O’Regan, Myra; Chen, Wai; Butler, Louise; Fitzgerald, Michael; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Rothenberger, Aribert; Minderaa, Ruud B.; Nijmeijer, Judith S.; Hoekstra, Pieter J.; Oades, Robert D.; Roeyers, Herbert; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Christiansen, Hanna; Franke, Barbara; Gabriëls, Isabel; Hartman, Catharina A.; Kuntsi, Jonna; Marco, Rafaela; Meidad, Sheera; Mueller, Ueli; Psychogiou, Lamprini; Rommelse, Nanda; Thompson, Margaret; Uebel, Henrik; Banaschewski, Tobias; Ebstein, Richard P.; Eisenberg, Jacques; Manor, Iris; Miranda, Ana; Mulas, Fernando; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Sonuga‐Barke, Edmund; Asherson, Philip; Faraone, Stephen V.; Gill, Michael

doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0621-3

Cited by 202 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Additional details about the clinical characteristics and the diagnostic process of this sample have been described earlier (Brookes et al 2006;Kuntsi et al 2006;Chen et al 2008;Christiansen et al 2008;Zhou et al 2008;Mulligan et al 2009). Briefly, co-occurring disorders were the following:.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association study of motor coordination problems in ADHD identifies genes for brain and muscle function

Fliers

Vásquez²,

Poelmans

et al. 2011

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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Objectives:Motor coordination problems are frequent in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We performed the first genome-wide association study to identify genes contributing to motor coordination problems, hypothesizing that the presence of such problems in children with ADHD may identify a sample of reduced genetic heterogeneity. Methods:Children with ADHD from the International Multicentre ADHD Genetic study (IMAGE) study were evaluated with the Parental Account of Children's Symptoms. Genetic association testing was performed in PLINK on 890 probands with genome-wide genotyping data. Bioinformatics enrichment-analysis was performed on highly ranked findings. Further characterization of the findings was conducted in 313 Dutch IMAGE children using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Results:Although none of the findings reached genome-wide significance, bioinformatics analysis of the topranked findings revealed enrichment of genes involved in motor neuropathy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Genes involved in neurite outgrowth and basic muscle function were also enriched.Among the highest ranked genes were MAP2K5, involved in Restless Legs Syndrome, and CHD6, causing motor coordination problems in mice. Further characterization of the top-ranked findings using DCD-Q subscales found nominal association for 15 SNPs. Conclusions:Our findings provide clues about the etiology of motor coordination problems, but replication studies in independent samples are necessary.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association study of motor coordination problems in ADHD identifies genes for brain and muscle function

Fliers

Vásquez²,

Poelmans

et al. 2011

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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“…Nijmeijer et al (2009) reported that ADHD and traits of ASD were genetically independent of one another. Conversely, Mulligan et al (2009) reported that 56 % of the phenotypic correlation between ADHD and ASD could be attributed to shared familial influences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental associations between traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a genetically informative, longitudinal twin study

et al. 2012

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Developmental associations between traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a genetically informative, longitudinal twin study. Psychological Medicine, Available on CJO doi:10.1017/S003329171200253X Background. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and associated subclinical traits, regularly co-occur with one another. However, the aetiology of their co-occurrence remains poorly understood. This paper provides the first genetically informative, longitudinal analysis of the interaction between traits of ASD and ADHD, and explores their genetic and environmental overlap.Method. Parents of approximately 5000 twin pairs completed questionnaires assessing traits of ASD and ADHD when twins were aged 8 and 12 years. Cross-lagged longitudinal modelling explored their developmental association, enabling a consideration of phenotypic-driven processes. Overlapping aetiological influences on traits at age 12 years were explored using bivariate twin modelling.Results. Traits of ADHD at age 8 years were more strongly predictive of traits of ASD at 12 years than traits of ASD at 8 years were of traits of ADHD at 12 years. Analysis of traits by subscales assessing specific symptom domains suggested that communication difficulties were most strongly associated with traits of ADHD. Bivariate modelling suggested moderate genetic overlap on traits in males (genetic correlation=0.41), and a modest degree of overlap in females (genetic correlation=0.23) at age 12 years.Conclusions. Traits of ADHD at age 8 years significantly influence traits of ASD at age 12 years, after controlling for their initial relationship at age 8 years. In particular, early ADHD traits influenced later communication difficulties. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of co-occurring traits across development. In addition, these findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that traits of ASD and ADHD may arise via similar aetiological processes.

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“…Twin, family, and linkage studies indicate that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) share a portion of their heritable etiology (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Genome-wide association studies found rare copy number variants that were shared between the two disorders (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Prevalent Are Autistic Traits Among Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? A Qualitative Review of the Literature

Uchida

Faraone

Joshi

et al. 2012

Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology

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Background: Twin, family, and linkage studies have indicated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) share a portion of their heritable etiology. This suggests that individuals with ADHD may manifest different forms of ASDs that may range from fully developed syndromic forms of the disorder to milder manifestations of ASD symptomatology, which will henceforth be referred to as autistic traits. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to conduct a literature search to examine the current body of knowledge regarding the prevalence of autistic traits (operationalized as the presence of autistic symptoms in the absence of a diagnosis of ASD) among children with ADHD and the associated morbidity of such traits. Method: A systematic literature search in PubMed was conducted to discover all controlled studies published in the English language that systematically assessed the presence of autistic traits in children with ADHD who did not meet the criteria for ASDs. Three articles met our inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in this qualitative review. Results: Only three scientific papers that met our a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified. These articles described findings obtained from clinical samples and identified a prevalence of autistic traits among children with ADHD that ranged from 7% to 60%. As compared with children with ADHD without these traits, the presence of autistic traits in children with ADHD was associated with more severe dysfunction in a wide range of non-overlapping domains and in the social and communication domains in particular. Conclusions: Although this study was limited by the small amount of available literature about this subject, these findings suggest that a sizeable subset of children with ADHD manifest autistic traits and that the presence of these traits is associated with increased dysfunction and social and communication deficits.

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Autism symptoms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Familial trait which Correlates with Conduct, Oppositional Defiant, Language and Motor Disorders

Cited by 202 publications

References 52 publications

Genome-wide association study of motor coordination problems in ADHD identifies genes for brain and muscle function

Genome-wide association study of motor coordination problems in ADHD identifies genes for brain and muscle function

Developmental associations between traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a genetically informative, longitudinal twin study

How Prevalent Are Autistic Traits Among Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? A Qualitative Review of the Literature

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