Autism spectrum disorders

Hussein, Hanan; Taha, Ghada R.A.

doi:10.1097/01.xme.0000430433.49160.a4

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with those from the Beirut and Mount Lebanon study, in which an elaborate discussion and comparison with international evidence are detailed [16]. Few studies were conducted in Arab countries to explore genetic and autoimmune factors, effect of environmental toxins and nutritional deficiencies [30]. In this study we are comparing results of prenatal and perinatal factors to those from developed countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Lebanon, has also witnessed an increase in autism awareness and public visibility, as evident by the growing body of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and treatment centers focused on autism. Little attention has been given to autism research in the EMR, with only 75 English manuscripts on autism from Arab countries published in international journals from 1992 to 2012 [30]. Although the highest proportion of nurseries in Lebanon is in these Beirut and Mount Lebanon governorates, children in nurseries located in remaining governorates might have different characteristics with respect to rates of consanguineous marriages, socio-economic status, rural versus urban settings, or culturally relevant behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National Prevalence and Correlates of Autism: A Lebanese Cross-Sectional Study

Saab¹,

Chaaya²,

Boustany³

2018

Autism Open Access

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Background: There is a lack of data regarding autism prevalence and factors associated with it in Arab Countries, especially in Lebanon. A study conducted in Beirut and Mount Lebanon governorates estimated the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at 1.53% of children 16-48 months attending nurseries. This study aims at obtaining a total national ASD estimate and find factors associated with the disorder. Methods: The methodology used to collect data at a national level consisted of administering the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) for screening and a self-administered questionnaire for associated factors. The final sample included 1,373 children aged 16-48 months. Prevalence estimates and crude and adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were generated. Results: ASD national prevalence is 1.48% with 95% CI (0.84, 2.12), with a 1.13 male/female ratio according to the M-CHAT. In the multivariable analysis, having an employed mother in the last year was protective against ASD (OR (95% CI): 0.36(0.14, 0.93)). Presence of delivery complications was a risk factor (3.58 (1.26, 10.15)). First/ second born and moral support during pregnancy were protective, whereas mother not having a university education and family history of mental illness were risk factors. These variables were not significant in the multivariable analysis, probably due to small numbers. Conclusion: This is the first study estimating ASD prevalence in the entire Lebanese population, a much needed step to know the magnitude of the disorder. More robust studies are needed to better understand this disorder and factors associated with it in Lebanon and the region that have distinct cultural/environmental characteristics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Prevalence and Correlates of Autism: A Lebanese Cross-Sectional Study

Saab¹,

Chaaya²,

Boustany³

2018

Autism Open Access

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“…A recent review of autism research in Arab countries revealed a total of 75 articles published between 1992 and 2012 (Hussein and Taha 2013). In contrast, the US produced the majority of all autism research articles published internationally between 1980 and 2010, including 1040 autism publications in 2010 alone (OARC 2012).…”

Section: Conceptions Of Asd In Lebanon and Other Arab Countriesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Government-based, ASD-specific educational services are infrequently available in Arab countries and when available, they are often of low quality (Daou 2014;Hussein and Taha 2013). In addition, services for adults with ASD are particularly scarce and are often prohibitively expensive.…”

Section: Conceptions Of Asd In Lebanon and Other Arab Countriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hypotheses for aim 2 Given the scarcity of ASD services in Lebanon (Daou 2014;Hussein and Taha 2013) and higher stigma associated with the use of mental health services among individuals in the Middle East (Abdullah and Brown 2011), we expected knowledge about ASD to be lower and stigma associated with ASD to be higher prior to training among Lebanese students relative to US students. We expected Lebanese students to more often endorse outdated views about ASD, including attributing ASD to vaccines or negative parenting.…”

Section: Aims and Hypotheses Of The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Knowledge and Stigma Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder Among College Students in Lebanon and the United States

Obeid

Daou

DeNigris

et al. 2015

J Autism Dev Disord

128

124

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Although misconceptions associated with ASD are apparent worldwide, they may differ across cultures. This study compares knowledge and stigma associated with ASD in a country with limited autism resources, Lebanon, and a country with substantial autism resources, the United States (US). College students in the US (N = 346) and Lebanon (N = 329) completed assessments of knowledge and stigma associated with ASD before and after an online ASD training. Although students in the US exhibited higher overall knowledge and lower stigma towards ASD, certain misconceptions were more apparent in the US than in Lebanon. Participation in the training was associated with decreased stigma and increased knowledge in both countries. Thus, online training may be useful for increasing understanding about ASD internationally.

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Maternal immigrant status and signs of neurodevelopmental problems in early childhood: The French representative ELFE birth cohort

et al. 2019

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A growing body of evidence suggests that children of immigrants may have increased risks of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, evidence based on parent report and on very young children is lacking. We therefore investigated the association between maternal immigrant status and early signs of neurodevelopmental problems in a population‐based sample of 2‐year‐old children using standardized parent‐report instruments. We used data from the French representative Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance birth cohort, initiated in 2011. The study sample included 9,900 children of nonimmigrant French, 1,403 children of second, and 1,171 children of first generation immigrant women followed‐up to age 2 years. Neurodevelopment was assessed using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT) and an adaptation of the MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB‐CDI). In fully adjusted linear regression models, maternal immigrant status was associated with M‐CHAT scores, with stronger associations in children of first (β‐coefficient: 0.19; 95% CI 0.08–0.29) than second generation immigrants (0.09; 0.01–0.17). This association was especially strong among children of first generation immigrant mothers native of North Africa (vs. nonimmigrant French: 0.33; 0.16–0.49) and French‐speaking Sub‐Saharan Africa (0.26; 0.07–0.45). MB‐CDI scores were lowest among children of first generation immigrant mothers, particularly from mostly non‐francophone regions. Children of first generation immigrant mothers were most likely to have simultaneously low MB‐CDI and high M‐CHAT scores. Our findings suggest that maternal immigrant status is associated with early signs of neurodevelopmental difficulties, with strong variations according to maternal region of origin. Further research is necessary to test whether these associations persist and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1845–1859. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We asked immigrant and nonimmigrant mothers in France about early signs of neurodevelopmental problems in their 2‐year‐old children. Overall, we found that children of immigrants may be at higher risk of showing these early warning signs, as compared to children of nonimmigrants. This is in line with previous studies, which were based on doctors' diagnoses at later ages. However, our results differed depending on the mothers' regions of origin. We found the highest risks in children of first generation immigrants from North and French‐speaking Sub‐Saharan Africa, who also seemed especially at risk of neurodevelopmental problems combined with low language development.

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Autism spectrum disorders

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

National Prevalence and Correlates of Autism: A Lebanese Cross-Sectional Study

National Prevalence and Correlates of Autism: A Lebanese Cross-Sectional Study

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Knowledge and Stigma Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder Among College Students in Lebanon and the United States

Maternal immigrant status and signs of neurodevelopmental problems in early childhood: The French representative ELFE birth cohort

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