Autism Spectrum Disorders

Manning-Courtney, Patricia; Murray, Donna S.; Currans, Kristn; Johnson, Heather M.; Bing, Nicole M.; Kroeger-Geoppinger, Kim; Sorensen, Rena; Bass, Jennifer; Reinhold, Judy; Johnson, Amy J.; Messerschmidt, Teri

doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2012.08.001

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We examined autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients [41] and compared them to healthy controls. The aim was to detect differentially expressed amino acid pathways, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling false discoveries in high-dimensional situations: boosting with stability selection

2015

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BackgroundModern biotechnologies often result in high-dimensional data sets with many more variables than observations (n≪p). These data sets pose new challenges to statistical analysis: Variable selection becomes one of the most important tasks in this setting. Similar challenges arise if in modern data sets from observational studies, e.g., in ecology, where flexible, non-linear models are fitted to high-dimensional data. We assess the recently proposed flexible framework for variable selection called stability selection. By the use of resampling procedures, stability selection adds a finite sample error control to high-dimensional variable selection procedures such as Lasso or boosting. We consider the combination of boosting and stability selection and present results from a detailed simulation study that provide insights into the usefulness of this combination. The interpretation of the used error bounds is elaborated and insights for practical data analysis are given.ResultsStability selection with boosting was able to detect influential predictors in high-dimensional settings while controlling the given error bound in various simulation scenarios. The dependence on various parameters such as the sample size, the number of truly influential variables or tuning parameters of the algorithm was investigated. The results were applied to investigate phenotype measurements in patients with autism spectrum disorders using a log-linear interaction model which was fitted by boosting. Stability selection identified five differentially expressed amino acid pathways.ConclusionStability selection is implemented in the freely available R package stabs (http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stabs). It proved to work well in high-dimensional settings with more predictors than observations for both, linear and additive models. The original version of stability selection, which controls the per-family error rate, is quite conservative, though, this is much less the case for its improvement, complementary pairs stability selection. Nevertheless, care should be taken to appropriately specify the error bound.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0575-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…We examined autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients [41] and compared them to healthy controls. The aim was to detect differentially expressed amino acid pathways, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling false discoveries in high-dimensional situations: boosting with stability selection

2015

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“…The severity of the symptoms and the level of functional impairment vary widely. A review in this journal has covered the important topics of screening/early warning signs, the role of the pediatrician within a multidisciplinary team, and the evidence base for treatments, 2 with another review covering pharmacological interventions, genetic testing, and treatment across the life course. 3 …”

Section: Introduction and Scope Of Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Chemical Exposures and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of the Epidemiological Evidence

Kalkbrenner

Schmidt

Penlesky

2014

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care

240

190

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In the past decade, the number of epidemiological publications addressing environmental chemical exposures and autism has grown tremendously. These studies are important because it is now understood that environmental factors play a larger role in causing autism than previously thought and because they address modifiable risk factors that may open up avenues for the primary prevention of the disability associated with autism. In this review, we covered studies of autism and estimates of exposure to tobacco, air pollutants, volatile organic compounds and solvents, metals (from air, occupation, diet, dental amalgams, and thimerosal-containing vaccines), pesticides, and organic endocrine-disrupting compounds such as flame retardants, non-stick chemicals, phthalates, and bisphenol A. We included studies that had individual-level data on autism, exposure measures pertaining to pregnancy or the 1st year of life, valid comparison groups, control for confounders, and adequate sample sizes. Despite the inherent error in the measurement of many of these environmental exposures, which is likely to attenuate observed associations, some environmental exposures showed associations with autism, especially traffic-related air pollutants, some metals, and several pesticides, with suggestive trends for some volatile organic compounds (e.g., methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, and styrene) and phthalates. Whether any of these play a causal role requires further study. Given the limited scope of these publications, other environmental chemicals cannot be ruled out, but have not yet been adequately studied. Future research that addresses these and additional environmental chemicals, including their most common routes of exposures, with accurate exposure measurement pertaining to several developmental windows, is essential to guide efforts for the prevention of the neurodevelopmental damage that manifests in autism symptoms.

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“…Based on CDC (Centers for Disease Control, and Prevention) estimates from 2009 autism is seen in 1 of every 110 children. The CDC has recently reported an increase in the estimates up to 1 in every 88 children, acknowledging that “the extent to which these increases reflect better case ascertainment whether as a result of increases in awareness and access to services or true increases in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms is not known” [6]. …”

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confidence: 99%

A study exploring knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards autism among adults applying to a Family Health Center in Istanbul

Sürmen

Hıdıroğlu

Usta

et al. 2016

North Clin Istanbul

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OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, awareness, behavior and attitudes towards autism among applicants to a Family Health Center (FHC).METHODS:This descriptive study was performed at a Family Health Center (FHC) in Istanbul in August 2013. Data was obtained via face-to-face interviews with participants older than 18 years who were admitted to the FHC. The questionnaire consisted of questions on sociodemographic characteristics, applicants’ knowledge of autism and their approach to autism.RESULTS:160 applicants participated in our survey of which 38.8% had heard the word ‘autism’. Knowledge and awareness of autism, and attitudes and behaviours towards this disorder differed significantly with the educational level of the study participants (p<0.05) However, these parameters did not change with gender and income level of the participants (p>0.05).CONCLUSION:The most important outcome of our study is that awareness, or even having knowledge of the word autism is significant in breaking down stereotypes. Despite the low level of awareness of the disease, the majority of the participitants had a positive attitude towards autism.

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Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Controlling false discoveries in high-dimensional situations: boosting with stability selection

Controlling false discoveries in high-dimensional situations: boosting with stability selection

Environmental Chemical Exposures and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of the Epidemiological Evidence

A study exploring knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards autism among adults applying to a Family Health Center in Istanbul

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