Autism Spectrum Disorder

Souders, Margaret C.; Eriksen, Whitney; Bennett, Amanda; Prasad, Raghuram; Zavodny, Stefanie

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98414-8_11

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Similarly, anxiety coupled with cognitive and physiological arousal (Rzepecka et al, 2011) can negatively impact attention, affecting emotion regulation (Semple et al, 2010). Increased worry thoughts at bedtime or somatic arousal are also linked to insomnia (Souders et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effects of a yoga-based program integrated with third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy components on self-regulation in children on the autism spectrum: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Tanksale

Sofronoff

Sheffield

et al. 2020

Autism

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Research using mind–body practices in autism is limited but suggests a trend for ruminative reduction and improved behavioral–emotional outcomes. Following random assignment ( N = 67), effects of a weekly six-session pilot yoga-based group program combined with third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy elements on self-regulation for children on the autism spectrum (aged 8–12 years) was assessed. The primary outcome was executive functions. Secondary outcomes were sleep, anxiety, and emotion awareness. After attrition, assessment results from participants in the intervention ( n = 31) and the waitlist conditions ( n = 30) completed at baseline, post-intervention, and 6-week follow-up were evaluated. For the intervention group, the between-group mean score differences suggest a decrease in parent-reported global executive difficulties from baseline to post-intervention (−2.61; 95% confidence interval −5.13 to −0.09, p = 0.047, d = −0.39) and baseline to follow-up (−4.17; 95% confidence interval −6.72 to −1.62, p = 0.017, d = −0.59) with small-to-medium effect sizes. Small-to-medium effects were found for a few parent-reported children’s sleep issues, child-reported aspects of emotion awareness, and performance anxiety. Non-significant findings are discussed in this article. Preliminary findings suggest mixed results and should be interpreted cautiously. The yoga-informed program may complement existing treatments and will benefit from ongoing evaluation. Lay abstract Children on the autism spectrum may experience difficulties with the regulation of attention, thoughts, emotions, and behavior, understanding, and expressing their emotions appropriately, as well as anxiety, and sleep. In autism research, contemplative practices that work through both body and mind have shown tentatively promising results. However, there are limited studies on this topic, and the use of yoga to facilitate executive control has not been researched yet. The Incredible Explorers (6-week program), a yoga-informed intervention program for children (8–12 years), was developed to understand whether, for children on the autism spectrum, the training could improve the ability to self-regulate, reduce anxiety and sleep problems, and increase awareness of emotions. In our sample, 61 children with one of their parents completed the program. Half of the group received the intervention, and the other half had to wait until the yoga group completed their trial. The participants were asked to give their feedback immediately after program completion and at 6-week follow-up. Compared to the group that was waiting to receive the intervention, parents in the yoga group reported significant gains for their children in regulating their overall executive control immediately after the session and again at follow-up. The parents reported a reduction in some of the sleep problems post-treatment. Children indicated an improved ability to communicate their feelings and willingness to analyze their emotions post-intervention. However, the study had several shortcomings and given that this was the first trial of the program, the results need to be interpreted with caution. Further research is recommended.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effects of a yoga-based program integrated with third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy components on self-regulation in children on the autism spectrum: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Tanksale

Sofronoff

Sheffield

et al. 2020

Autism

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“…Sleep hygiene involves the principles of behavioral strategies in bringing a good quality of sleep along with appropriate day time and nighttime practices. The main objective is to ensure that the child and parents follow this principle as a regular routine.Specific recommended measures for ensuring that children get the proper sleep quality should include, e.g., setting a regular bedtime schedule, establishing an environment that is conducive to sleep, and not allowing children to do any activity which would hinder the sleep process [88].The practice starts with having a calm, cool, dark and soothing environment as a sleeping place. Bedtime practices and an appropriate sleep schedule provide clues about sleep time and aid in the mental preparation of the ASD children [89].…”

Section: Suggestions For Sleep Hygiene Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of sleep and its disturbances in Autism spectrum disorder

Ramanujam

Cardinali

Venkat

et al. 2020

International Journal of Neuroscience

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Sleep difficulties are one of the significant complications associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite their possible role as contributors to the overall symptoms of ASD, the symptoms of disturbed sleep experienced by many affected patients have only recently started to receive attention from clinicians, caretakers, and family members. Many types of sleep disorders have been reported in ASD individuals, but these have not been categorized under a common terminology. Nevertheless, several studies have established that a positive relationship exists between the occurrence of sleep difficulties and heightenedsymptomatology in ASD children. When ASD children show evidence of sleep problems there is also an increased frequency of A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t behavioral problems such as social impairment, decreased cognitive functioning, aggressiveness, and anxiety. Several hypotheses have been put forward regarding the linkage between disturbed sleep and ASD. These have included suggestions that sleep difficulties and other ASD symptoms are induced by disruption of the circadian clock, the presence of comorbid physical or psychological conditions, elevated anxiety levels, or emotional distress. This article reviews the use of sleep therapies in ASD, among which melatonin has shown promise because of its lack ofsignificant side effects. A better understanding of sleep problems in the etiology of ASD, their impact on the symptoms and behavior of ASD individuals, and their potential use as a secondary aid for treating ASD would represent a significant contribution todevelop strategies to manage the disorder.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 2 publications

References 105 publications

Evaluating the effects of a yoga-based program integrated with third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy components on self-regulation in children on the autism spectrum: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Evaluating the effects of a yoga-based program integrated with third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy components on self-regulation in children on the autism spectrum: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Understanding the role of sleep and its disturbances in Autism spectrum disorder

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