“…In common with the above studies, it has been demonstrated that alexithymia and not autism predicts the ability to recognise emotion from both facial and vocal stimuli (Cook, Brewer, Shah, & Bird, 2013;Heaton et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2011). These results strongly support the role of associative learning in linking awareness of one's own emotional states to recognition of those states in another, as highlighted by Quattrocki and Friston (see also Allen & Heaton, 2010;Bird & Viding, 2014;Gergely & Watson, 1996;. All of these studies adopted a 'four group' design, crossing the presence/absence of autism and alexithymia, and so could specifically separate out the effects of autism and alexithymia.…”