Autism and the Fragile X Syndrome

Levitas, Andrew; Hagerman, Randi J; Braden, Marcia; Rimland, Bernard; McBogg, Pamela; Matus, Irwin

doi:10.1097/00004703-198309000-00002

Cited by 93 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some of these findings may be much more subtle or absent in prepubertal boys [Largo and Schinzel, 1985;Hagerman, 19871, and for this reason, K-ABC scores may be particularly helpful. Behavioral characteristics include attentional problems, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and autistic-like behaviors, such as poor eye contact or hand-flapping [Levitas et al, 1983a, b;Fryns et al, 1984;Kerbeshian et al, 1984;Hagerman et al, 1985;Largo and Schinzel, 1985;Varley et al, 1985;Hagerman et al, 1986;Hagerman, 19871. Family histories often document retarded males and learning-disabled or retarded females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive profiles of boys with the fragile X syndrome

1988

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Testing 20 boys with the fragile X (or Martin-Bell) syndrome with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) showed a consistent pattern of strengths and weaknesses that may be useful in predicting a fragile X positive result from cytogenetic testing. This K-ABC pattern included 1) Sequential Scale score less than the Simultaneous Scale score; 2) Mental Processing Composite less than the Achievement Scale score; 3) Spatial Memory subtest score less than the Matrix Analogies subtest score; and 4) Arithmetic subtest score less than the mean of the Achievement subtest scores. A comparison group of 20 boys did not demonstrate such a pattern. Testing with the K-ABC should be considered for boys who present as learning disabled, hyperactive with attentional problems, or mildly retarded. Boys with three or four of the four features of the K-ABC fragile X pattern should be considered for medical evaluation and cytogenetic testing.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive profiles of boys with the fragile X syndrome

1988

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reported prevalence rates of ASD in males with FXS vary widely from 0 to 60% (Brown et al, 1986;Bailey, Hatton, Skinner & Mesibov, 2001;Cohen et al¸1991;Demark, Feldman & Holdman., 2003;Hagerman, Jackson, Levitas, Rimland & Braden., 1986;Hatton et al, 2006;Levitas et al, 1983;Reiss & Freund, 1990;Sabaratnam, Turk & Vroegop., 2000;Turk & Graham, 1997) although estimates from more recent studies conducted since 2001 are more consistent, ranging from 21% to 50% (Bailey et al, 2001;Cohen et al¸1991;Demark et al, 2003;Hatton et al, 2006;Sabaratnam et al, 2003;Turk & Graham, 1997;). The percentage of ASD in females who have FXS is lower, between 1 and 6% (Mazzocco, Baumgardener, Freund, & Reiss, 1997;Hatton et al, 2006).…”

Section: Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assessment and Presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associated Characteristics in Individuals with Severe Intellectual Disability and Genetic Syndromes

Moss

Howlin

Oliver

2012

The Oxford Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter considers the prevalence and nature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and associated symptomatology in the intellectual disability population, with particular focus on three genetically determined syndromes—Fragile X syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, and Rett syndrome—that have received particular attention with respect to their association with ASD. It then considers the importance of accurate assessment and diagnosis of ASD in individuals with genetically determined syndromes. It describes the methods and tools available for assessing ASD in individuals with intellectual disability, and explores the appropriateness of these assessments for identifying ASD in individuals with genetically determined syndromes associated with intellectual disability.

show abstract

“…Behavioral features include some association with autism (Brown et al, 1982;Meryash, Szymanski, & Gerald, 1982;Levitas et al, 1983;Blomquist et al, 1985), although estimates of the degree of association between the two syndromes vary from 5 to 15% in larger series to more than 50% in a small series (Levitas et al, 1983). Pervasive hyperactivity has been reported in boys with the syndrome , but this appears to abate in adulthood.…”

Section: Fragile X Syndrome Is a Recently Identified Form Of Mental Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of language characteristics of mentally retarded adults with fragile X syndrome and those with nonspecific mental retardation and autism

Paul

Dykens

Leckman

et al. 1987

J Autism Dev Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fragile X syndrome is a recently identified form of mental retardation that is associated with a chromosomal abnormality and inherited in an X-linked manner. Previous studies have suggested that distinctive speech and language characteristics are associated with the syndrome. Twelve adult male residents of an institution for the retarded (aged 23 to 51 years) were compared on a series of speech and language measures to 12 adult males with nonspecific forms of MR who were residents of the same institution and were matched on age and IQ. A second contrast group consisted of similarly matched autistic men. Results revealed that there were no significant differences among the groups' performance, with the exception of increased rates of echolalia in the autistic group. A nonsignificant trend toward poorer performance on expressive measures on the part of the fragile X group was noted. The implications of these findings for further research on the syndrome are discussed.

show abstract

Autism and the Fragile X Syndrome

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

Cognitive profiles of boys with the fragile X syndrome

Cognitive profiles of boys with the fragile X syndrome

The Assessment and Presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associated Characteristics in Individuals with Severe Intellectual Disability and Genetic Syndromes

A comparison of language characteristics of mentally retarded adults with fragile X syndrome and those with nonspecific mental retardation and autism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About