Autism and epilepsy: A retrospective follow-up study

Hara, Hitoshi

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2006.12.012

Cited by 216 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

147

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Autism is diagnosed more frequently in males than females at a ratio of 4-1. Current research suggests that autism is a heterogeneous disorder (3,4), with a broad range of severity and intellectual ability as well as a variety of comorbid conditions, such as epilepsy, anxiety, and gastrointestinal conditions (5,6). The heterogeneity of this disorder is one of the major roadblocks to establishing etiologies that could then lead to more effective prevention and intervention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain enlargement is associated with regression in preschool-age boys with autism spectrum disorders

Nordahl

Lange

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

214

220

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autism is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple behavioral and biological phenotypes. Accelerated brain growth during early childhood is a well-established biological feature of autism. Onset pattern, i.e., early onset or regressive, is an intensely studied behavioral phenotype of autism. There is currently little known, however, about whether, or how, onset status maps onto the abnormal brain growth. We examined the relationship between total brain volume and onset status in a large sample of 2-to 4-yold boys and girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [n = 53, no regression (nREG); n = 61, regression (REG)] and a comparison group of age-matched typically developing controls (n = 66). We also examined retrospective head circumference measurements from birth through 18 mo of age. We found that abnormal brain enlargement was most commonly found in boys with regressive autism. Brain size in boys without regression did not differ from controls. Retrospective head circumference measurements indicate that head circumference in boys with regressive autism is normal at birth but diverges from the other groups around 4-6 mo of age. There were no differences in brain size in girls with autism (n = 22, ASD; n = 24, controls). These results suggest that there may be distinct neural phenotypes associated with different onsets of autism. For boys with regressive autism, divergence in brain size occurs well before loss of skills is commonly reported. Thus, rapid head growth may be a risk factor for regressive autism.MRI | neurodevelopment | trajectory | macrocephaly

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain enlargement is associated with regression in preschool-age boys with autism spectrum disorders

Nordahl

Lange

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

214

220

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, individuals with autism plus epilepsy on average have lower IQs. Epilepsy is one of the negative factors contributing to cognitive, adaptive and behavioral/emotional outcomes for autistic individuals (Hara, 2007). Structural brain malformations, including accentuated Virchow-Robin space, acrocallosal syndrome and polymicrogyria have been reported to be associated with autism (Steiner et al, 2004;Schifter et al, 1994;Zeegers et al, 2006), however, until recently, MRIs have been considered to be of indeterminate value and they are not included in the standard clinical evaluation of autism.…”

Section: Endophenotypes and "Essential Autism" Versus "Complex Autism"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Genetic Etiologies and Biological Pathways Shared Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities

Kaufman¹,

Noor²,

Ayub³

et al. 2011

Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of Genetics in Diagnosis and Treatment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

show abstract

“…Methodological changes in clinical diagnoses have seen drastic rises in ASD incidence, namely from 1 in 150 diagnosed children in 2000 to 1 in 68 diagnosed children in 2010 [9]. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that 5% to 46% of individuals diagnosed with ASD have been observed to develop some degree of epilepsy, with the greatest risk of development appearing in adolescence [10][11][12]. Previous research studying ASD revealed that males were more likely to be diagnosed by a ratio of 4:1, a finding that has been comparable to other neurodevelopmental comorbidities such as dyslexia and attention deficit disorder [1,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to symptoms and manifestations, there are similarities between the two conditions, yet no causal relationships between ASD and epilepsy have been established suggesting that ASD may be a contributing cause to epilepsy or vice versa. While previous data have explained the presence of co-occurring ASD and epilepsy, there remains a pressing need for more research [1,4,[10][11][12][13]. Evaluation of studies on the prevalence of epilepsy and ASD illustrates the challenges in obtaining reliable and accurate prevalence in these conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of studies on the prevalence of epilepsy and ASD illustrates the challenges in obtaining reliable and accurate prevalence in these conditions. Preliminary studies on disease origins, overlapping phenotypes, and frequency of comorbidity have provoked increased speculation towards an association between ASD and epilepsy [4,[10][11][12][13][14]. Relative to the general population, epilepsy is more common in children with ASD (prototypical form of a group of pervasive developmental disorders that comprise autism, atypical autism, Asperger syndrome and 'other' pervasive development disorder) [4,[10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder and Epilepsy Co-occurrence: Sub-population Prevalence Variances and Risk Modeling

Holmes¹,

Stalnaker²,

Casini³

et al. 2017

Epilepsy J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tends to co-occur with epilepsy, but it remains unclear if ASD predisposes to epilepsy or vice versa. Using the National Survey of Children's Health (2012), we assessed the relationship between ASD and epilepsy as disease co-occurrence, examined racial/ethnic variability therein and the risk markers. Compared to whites, blacks/African Americans were 54% less likely to be diagnosed with ASD, prevalence odds ratio (POR)=0.46, 95% CI, 0.34-0.63. In contrast, compared to whites, blacks/African Americans were 56% more likely to be diagnosed with epilepsy, POR=1.56, 95% CI, 1.24-1.96. Similarly, racial differences were observed in cooccurrence, with significant 20% higher risk among Blacks relative to Whites, POR=1.20, p<0.0001. Public insurance, poverty, maternal education, and intellectual disabilities were the two most potent predictors of ASDepilepsy co-occurrence. After controlling for age, sex, parental education, insurance coverage, federal poverty level, and intellectual disability, significant racial differences did not persist but Blacks were 74% less likely to report ASD & epilepsy co-occurrence relative to Whites, aPOR=0.26, p=0.23. In summary, racial disparities exist in ASD-epilepsy co-occurrence prevalence, which did not persist after controlling for potential confounders; while public insurance, maternal education, poverty and intellectual disabilities remain potent predictors of the co-occurrence. These findings suggestive of cautious optimism in assessing the causal direction in the co-occurrence of ASD and epilepsy among children.

show abstract

Autism and epilepsy: A retrospective follow-up study

Cited by 216 publications

References 10 publications

Brain enlargement is associated with regression in preschool-age boys with autism spectrum disorders

Brain enlargement is associated with regression in preschool-age boys with autism spectrum disorders

Common Genetic Etiologies and Biological Pathways Shared Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities

Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder and Epilepsy Co-occurrence: Sub-population Prevalence Variances and Risk Modeling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About