Autism: A Global Perspective

Hahler, Eva-Maria; Elsabbagh, Mayada

doi:10.1007/s40474-014-0033-3

Cited by 76 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Autism research is heavily skewed towards western high-income countries (Abubakar, Ssewanyana, de Vries, & Newton, 2016;de Vries, P.J., 2016;Durkin et al, 2015;Elsabbagh et al, 2012;Hahler & Elsabbagh, 2014). Fewer than 20% of the global population lives in these high-income countries (Durkin et al, 2015;World Bank, 2015), but autism studies are almost exclusively based on this selected population (de Vries, 2016;Durkin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Cultural and Contextual Factors on Autism Across the Globe

2020

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Autism research is heavily skewed towards western high-income countries. Culturally appropriate screening and diagnostic instruments for autism are lacking in most low-and middle-income settings where the majority of the global autism population lives. To date, a clear overview of the possible cultural and contextual factors that may affect the process of identifying and diagnosing individuals with ASD is missing. This study aims to outline these factors by proposing a conceptual framework. A multidisciplinary review approach was applied to inform the development of the conceptual framework, combining a systematic review of the relevant autism research literature with a wider literature search spanning key texts in global mental health, cultural psychiatry, cross-cultural psychology and intellectual disability research. The resulting conceptual framework considers the identification, helpseeking and diagnostic process at four interrelated levels: i) the expression, ii) recognition, iii) interpretation and iv) reporting of autism symptoms, and describes the cultural and contextual factors associated with each of these levels, including cultural norms of typical and atypical behaviour, culture-specific approaches to parenting, mental health literacy, cultural beliefs, attitudes and stigma, as well as the affordability, availability, accessibility and acceptability of services. This framework, mapping out the cultural and contextual factors that can affect the identification, help-seeking and diagnosis of ASD, may function as a springboard for the development of culturally appropriate autism screening and diagnostic instruments, and inform future cross-cultural autism research directions. The framework also has relevance for clinicians and policy makers aiming to improve support for underserved autism populations worldwide. Lay summaryThe vast majority of autism research is conducted in western high-income settings. We therefore know relatively little of how culture and context can affect the identification, helpseeking and diagnosis of autism across the globe. This paper synthesises what is known from the autism research literature and a broader literature and maps out how culture and context may affect i) the expression, ii) recognition, iii) interpretation and iv) reporting of autism symptoms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Cultural and Contextual Factors on Autism Across the Globe

2020

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“…ASD remains the fastest growing neurodevelopmental disability among children in the United States (US; Boyle et al, 2011). Consistent with global prevalence rates of between 1 and 2% (Elsabbagh et al, 2012; Hahler & Elsabbagh, 2015), an estimated 1 in 68 children in the United States have an ASD diagnosis (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). …”

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confidence: 99%

Examining Services for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Parent Satisfaction and Predictors of Service Utilization

McIntyre

Zemantic

2016

Early Childhood Educ J

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the fastest growing group of neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. Earlier detection means an increased need for early intervention and other educational services. This study examined what services a sample of young children with ASD received, what variables predicted service utilization, and how satisfied parents were with the services. Sixty children (2–7 years) and their families from the Northwestern United States participated in the study. Results suggest that, on average, children received 13 hours of educational and therapeutic services per week, with younger children receiving fewer services than older children. Child age, atypical behavior, and family income predicted number of service hours received. Children’s adaptive behavior and autism symptoms did not predict service hours. Although services received were, by most standards, minimal and far below best practice recommendations, parents reported high satisfaction, especially for their toddlers and preschool-aged children. Implications and future directions are described.

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“…It is described by difficulties with speech (delayed employment of language), abnormalities of posture or gesture, problems with understanding the feelings of others, sensory and visual misperceptions, fears and anxieties, and behavioural abnormalities such as compulsive/obsessive behaviour and ritualistic movements [3], [4], [7], [9], [22], [28], [29]. Based on [8], epidemiological data estimates the presence of 52 million cases of autism worldwide, affecting around 1 %-2 % of children across the globe. And thereby, around 12, 785 of autism patients which has been registered throughout the Malaysia until 30 th Mac 2016 regarding to the statistics made in Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat Malaysia (Malaysian Welfare Department) reported by Utusan, 2016 [20], [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Research on Optimization Technique for Diet Planning Problem: Case Research Autism Paralympic Athlete

2019

ijrte

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This paper demonstrates distinctive methods used in operation research to experience with different diet issues. Every diet problem has its particular cost limitation and objective function. The designation of sufficient menus including the consideration of several types of constraints, for example, the ideal nutritional content, the amount of food to be consumed and others. The mathematical model is constructed to determine a diet plan as an optimal solution which fulfills every requirements and limitations. The application of different optimization techniques and weakness in each method has been reviewed. The use of integer programming and development that can be done also represents in this paper. An optimal and practical solution is acquired to solve the diet problem for autism Paralympic athlete

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Autism: A Global Perspective

Cited by 76 publications

References 48 publications

A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Cultural and Contextual Factors on Autism Across the Globe

A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Cultural and Contextual Factors on Autism Across the Globe

Examining Services for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Parent Satisfaction and Predictors of Service Utilization

Mathematical Research on Optimization Technique for Diet Planning Problem: Case Research Autism Paralympic Athlete

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