Authr

Schoen, Andrew; Henrichs, Curt; Strohkirch, Mathias; Mutlu, Bilge

doi:10.1145/3379337.3415872

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The efficient allocation of tasks between human workers and collaborative robots is also an important consideration. Several studies have been conducted on optimal task allocation (Kwon & Suh, 2014; Schoen et al, 2020; Tsarouchi et al, 2017). Optimal task allocation can affect task efficiency because human workers have the advantage of being flexible and creative, whereas robots have the advantage of being able to perform repetitive and precise tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of quality standards for industrial collaborative robots based on user‐centered design framework

Heo,

Putri,

Kim

et al. 2023

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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Industrial collaborative robots have become increasingly important in recent years due to their ability to work safely and efficiently alongside humans. As a result, there is a growing need for evaluation standards to ensure the quality of collaborative robots. However, existing studies only consider system‐centered and technical aspects of collaborative robots, and there is a lack of research on user‐centered quality evaluation. In this study, we identified 21 user requirements based on a user‐centered design framework and confirmed the limitations of existing quality standards by reviewing the standard clauses for collaborative robots. It was found that user needs to be related to performance, safety, and even usability and enjoyment are already being expressed according to the user‐centered design framework, but the quality standards for these needs only present design principles or do not consider them at all. This study provides information on the quality attributes that need to be fulfilled to satisfy user requirements and suggests the need and direction for further research on the user‐centered evaluation of collaborative robots. Accordingly, the user's perception and experience of collaborative robots are expected to improve.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of quality standards for industrial collaborative robots based on user‐centered design framework

Heo,

Putri,

Kim

et al. 2023

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The second decision was whether a feasible algorithm existed to handle the logic behind the non-static work activity. Such algorithms may include problem space search, neural networks, and machine learning (Andrychowicz et al, 2020; Thomas et al, 2018) or planning (Pearce et al, 2018; Schoen et al, 2020). Work activities for which there is no feasible algorithm (e.g., Job 6’s Researching Product Safety ) are rated as Low , while work activities that have such an algorithm (e.g., Job 9’s Monitor equipment fluid levels ) continue down the tree.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pearce et al (2018) found that there were trade-offs in assigning different priorities to time and ergonomics, including completion time, total strain, and worker idle time. A simplified bi-objective approach by Schoen et al (2020) assisted engineers in constructing human-robot collaborative task plans. While the interface and approach showed clear benefits for integrating optimization in the task planning process, the formulation of human and robot cost measures were left mostly to the discretion of the engineer, who may or may not have expertise in ergonomics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Robot Collaboration for Enhancing Work Activities

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Objective Trade-offs between productivity, physical workload (PWL), and mental workload (MWL) were studied when integrating collaborative robots (cobots) into existing manual work by optimizing the allocation of tasks. Background As cobots become more widely introduced in the workplace and their capabilities greatly improved, there is a need to consider how they can best help their human partners. Methods A theoretical data-driven analysis was conducted using the O*NET Content Model to evaluate 16 selected jobs for associated work context, skills, and constraints. Associated work activities were ranked by potential for substitution by a cobot. PWL and MWL were estimated using variables from the O*Net database that represent variables for the Strain Index and NASA-TLX. An algorithm was developed to optimize work activity assignment to cobots and human workers according to their most suited abilities. Results Human workload for some jobs decreased while workload for some jobs increased after cobots were reassigned tasks, and residual human capacity was used to perform job activities designated the most important to increase productivity. The human workload for other jobs remained unchanged. Conclusions The changes in human workload from the introduction of cobots may not always be beneficial for the human worker unless trade-offs are considered. Application: The framework of this study may be applied to existing jobs to identify the relationship between productivity and worker tolerances that integrate cobots into specific tasks.

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“…At any point during the creation of a goal automaton, end users may view the branching plan computed by Polaris within the Plan Visualizer interface. The Plan Visualizer draws from existing "timeline" interfaces in HRI [48,49] in that it displays one branch of the plan at a time from left to right, and within a horizontal scrollable pane overlaying the semantically labeled map. Initially, the plan is displayed up to when a conditional is encountered.…”

Section: Viewing the Branching Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goal-Oriented End-User Programming of Robots

Porfirio,

Roberts,

Hiatt

2024

Proceedings of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction

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End-user programming (EUP) tools must balance user control with the robot's ability to plan and act autonomously. Many existing task-oriented EUP tools enforce a specific level of control, e.g., by requiring that users hand-craft detailed sequences of actions, rather than offering users the flexibility to choose the level of task detail they wish to express. We thereby created a novel EUP system, Polaris, that in contrast to most existing EUP tools, uses goal predicates as the fundamental building block of programs. Users can thereby express high-level robot objectives or lower-level checkpoints at their choosing, while an off-the-shelf task planner fills in any remaining program detail. To ensure that goal-specified programs adhere to user expectations of robot behavior, Polaris is equipped with a Plan Visualizer that exposes the planner's output to the user before runtime. In what follows, we describe our design of Polaris and its evaluation with 32 human participants. Our results support the Plan Visualizer's ability to help users craft higher-quality programs. Furthermore, there are strong associations between user perception of the robot and Plan Visualizer usage, and evidence that robot familiarity has a key role in shaping user experience. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Systems and tools for interaction design; • Computer systems organization → Robotics.

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Authr

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Analysis of quality standards for industrial collaborative robots based on user‐centered design framework

Analysis of quality standards for industrial collaborative robots based on user‐centered design framework

Human Robot Collaboration for Enhancing Work Activities

Goal-Oriented End-User Programming of Robots

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