Authors’ Reply to Letter to the Editor: Continued improvement to genetic diversity indicator for CBD

Laikre, Linda; Hohenlohe, Paul A.; Allendorf, Fred W.; Bertola, Laura D.; Breed, Martin F.; Bruford, Michael William; Funk, W. Chris; Gajardo, Gonzalo; González‐Rodríguez, Antonio; Grueber, Catherine E.; Hedrick, Philip W.; Heuertz, Myriam; Hunter, Margaret E.; Johannesson, Kerstin; Liggins, Libby; MacDonald, Anna J.; Mergeay, Joachim; Moharrek, Farideh; O’Brien, David; Ogden, Rob; Orozco‐terWengel, Pablo; Palma‐Silva, Clarisse; Pierson, Jennifer C.; Paz‐Vinas, Ivan; Russo, Isa‐Rita M.; Ryman, Nils; Segelbacher, Gernot; Sjögren‐Gulve, Per; Waits, Lisette P.; Vernesi, Cristiano; Hoban, Sean

doi:10.1007/s10592-021-01359-w

Cited by 32 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We acknowledge that using Ne to set recovery thresholds for N needed to maintain genetic diversity is complex (Frankham et al 2021). However, recent overviews by Laikre et al (2020Laikre et al ( , 2021 concluded that the general rule of Ne > 500 or N > 5000 is robust when Ne/N ratios are not available for a species. Laikre et al (2021) also highlight that using a population or species specific Ne/N and a Ne of 500 will provide the most robust threshold for N needed to maintain long-term genetic diversity.…”

Section: Setting Recovery Goals For Pallid Sturgeonmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, recent overviews by Laikre et al (2020Laikre et al ( , 2021 concluded that the general rule of Ne > 500 or N > 5000 is robust when Ne/N ratios are not available for a species. Laikre et al (2021) also highlight that using a population or species specific Ne/N and a Ne of 500 will provide the most robust threshold for N needed to maintain long-term genetic diversity. provides important context when evaluating the current status and resiliency of a species (Waples et al 2007).…”

Section: Setting Recovery Goals For Pallid Sturgeonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demographic and Evolutionary History of Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Upper Missouri River

Ardren

Jordan

DeHaan

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management

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Natural-origin pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus in the upper Missouri River are predicted to become extirpated as early as 2024. To aid in recovery efforts for this endangered species, we used genetic data from 17 microsatellite loci to infer demographic and evolutionary history of pallid sturgeon and a sympatric shovelnose sturgeon S. platorynchus . A recent sundering of geneflow between these species was indicated by overlapping allele size distributions at all loci and low level of genetic divergence ( F ST = 0.10). Tests for recent bottlenecks, using heterozygosity excess or allele frequency mode-shift tests indicated demographic stability for both species while the M-Ratio identified historic bottlenecks had occurred in both species. Estimates of historical effective population size ( N e ), based on coalescent modeling of allele size distribution, suggested the geographic expansion of these species into the upper Missouri River during the late Pleistocene was associated with 10 to 19 fold reductions in N e . In contrast estimates of contemporary estimates of N e based on linkage disequilibrium revealed that shovelnose sturgeon ( N e = 2983) had approximately 10 times greater N e than pallid sturgeon ( N e = 254). Our results are consistent with the recent collapse of pallid sturgeon being caused by dam construction which occurred between 1930 and 1965. Fortunately, genetic diversity remaining in this long-lived species has provided an opportunity to conserve pre-dam pallid sturgeon genetic diversity via a successful captive breeding program. We provide recommendations to address key conservation needs including how to incorporate our estimate of N e / adult census size of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.16 – 0.47) into setting demographic recovery goals for pallid sturgeon.

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Section: Setting Recovery Goals For Pallid Sturgeonmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Setting Recovery Goals For Pallid Sturgeonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and Evolutionary History of Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Upper Missouri River

Ardren

Jordan

DeHaan

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management

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“…CGSG is developing IUCN guidance documents and statements (e.g., on monitoring genetic diversity and biobanking) and is actively creating a network among SSC Specialist Groups. CGSG put forward a resolution to the World Conservation Congress highlighting the importance of genetic diversity in the coming decade (Resolution 93; https://www.iucncongress2020.org/motion/109) and has actively engaged in a revised wording for post‐2020 CBD genetic targets (especially Target 4 on species and Target 13 on genetic diversity, see Hoban et al, 2020; Laikre et al, 2021) as well as including genetic diversity in the Key Biodiversity Area standards (KBA Standards and Appeals Committee, 2020). CGSG has also organized a number of conservation genetics meetings at international conferences as well as producing and contributing to scientific literature relevant for decision making (Laikre et al, 2020; Russo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Overview Of Conservation Genetics Working Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coalition for Conservation Genetics: Working across organizations to build capacity and achieve change in policy and practice

Kershaw

Bruford

Funk

et al. 2022

Conservat Sci and Prac

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The Coalition for Conservation Genetics (CCG) brings together four eminent organizations with the shared goal of improving the integration of genetic information into conservation policy and practice. We provide a historical context of conservation genetics as a field and reflect on current barriers to conserving genetic diversity, highlighting the need for collaboration across traditional divides, international partnerships, and coordinated advocacy. We then introduce the CCG and illustrate through examples how a coalition approach can leverage complementary expertise and improve the organizational impact at multiple levels. The CCG has proven particularly successful at implementing large synthesis‐type projects, training early‐career scientists, and advising policy makers. Achievements to date highlight the potential for the CCG to make effective contributions to practical conservation policy and management that no one “parent” organization could achieve on its own. Finally, we reflect on the lessons learned through forming the CCG, and our vision for the future.

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“…Hoban et al (2020) develops this framework and defines three genetic indicators, suitable for CBD reporting: 1) the number of populations with effective population size (Ne) above versus below 500, 2) the proportion of populations (or geographic range) maintained within species, 3) the number of species and populations in which genetic diversity is monitored using DNA-based methods. [2] Further elaboration of these proposed indicators have been provided in subsequent work, including the suggestion to use the census population size, Nc>5000 as a proxy for Ne>500 when the Ne/Nc ratio is not known for the focal species; in other words to assume an Ne/Nc ratio of 0.1 (Hoban et al 2021a; Hoban et al 2021b; Laikre et al 2021). Currently, the Ne-indicator is proposed as a Headline Indicator in the post-2020 CBD Global Biodiversity Framework, while the proportion of populations maintained-indicator is proposed as a Component Indicator and the DNA-based indicator is suggested as a Complementary Indicator (CBD/WG2020/3/3/Add.1; CBD/WG2020/2/INF/2;CBD/SBSTTA/24/3Add.1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we report on our attempt to assess if national Red-List data in Sweden include sufficient information for applying the indicators 1 and 2 (the Ne-indicator and the proportion of populations maintained-indicator, Figure 1), using already collected data on 22571 species, subspecies and populations (henceforth species unless otherwise specified) gathered for the Swedish Red-List classification (Ahrné, Bjelke et al 2020). Both indicator 1 and 2 can be calculated and reported in the absence of genetic data (Hoban et al 2020; Hoban et al 2021a; Laikre et al 2021). Hoban et al (2020) and Laikre et al (2020) suggested that numerous data sources could have information for reporting on these indicators including species’ recovery plans or the Red List.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical application of indicators for genetic diversity in CBD post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework implementation

Thurfjell

Laikre

Ekblom

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Genetic diversity is a key aspect of biological variation for the adaptability and survival of populations of species, which must be monitored to assure maintenance. We used data from the Swedish Red-List 2020 and a recent report to apply three indicators for genetic diversity proposed for the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). We made more detailed indicator assessments for mammals and herptiles. For indicator 1, the proportion of populations with effective population size Ne>500, 33% of 22557 investigated species had a population estimate. For herptiles and mammals, 70% and 49%, respectively likely had Ne>500. For indicator 2, the proportion of populations or range remaining within species, 20% of all species evaluated for the Red-List have data. Meanwhile, 32% of the herptile and 84% of the mammal populations are maintaining their populations/range. For indicator 3, the number of species/populations in which genetic diversity is monitored using DNA-based methods, there are studies on 3% of species, and 0.3% are monitored. In contrast 68% of mammals and 29% of herptiles are studied using DNA, and 8% of mammals and 24% of herptiles are genetically monitored. We conclude that the Red List have data for evaluating the genetic indicators, but the data quality can be improved. There is a synergy in estimating the genetic indicators in parallel with the Red-Listing process. We propose that indicator values could be included in national Red-Listing as a new category - genetically threatened, based on the genetic indicators.

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Authors’ Reply to Letter to the Editor: Continued improvement to genetic diversity indicator for CBD

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Demographic and Evolutionary History of Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Upper Missouri River

Demographic and Evolutionary History of Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Upper Missouri River

The Coalition for Conservation Genetics: Working across organizations to build capacity and achieve change in policy and practice

Practical application of indicators for genetic diversity in CBD post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework implementation

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