Authoritarianism and Prejudice in South African Student Samples

The Development and Validation of a Subtle Racism Scale in South Africa

“…They are consistent with two findings using Ray's short balanced F scale in South Africa, both of which found reasonably strong correlations with racial prejudice (Duckitt, 1988;Ray, 1980). On the other hand, these findings contradict widely cited findings by Orpen and others of generally weak and even statistically nonsignificant findings between authoritarianism and prejudice (Colman & Lambley, 1970;Lambley, 1973;Lambley & Gilbert, 1970;Orpen, 1971Orpen, , 1973aOrpen, , 1973bOrpen, , 1975Orpen & Tsapogas, 1972;Orpen & Van der Schyff, 1972). The internal consistency of the balanced F scale used in the latter studies, however, was very low, with a mean inter-item correlation of only 0,05 (Orpen, 1970), and its validity was never adequately assessed.…”

“…Previous studies in South Africa have not found such strong correlations between whites' attitudes and social distance to blacks, with the typical correlation being below 030 (Lambley, 1973;Orpen, 1971Orpen, , 1975Orpen & Tsapogas, 1972;Pettigrew, 1960). This has usually been discussed with reference to findings demonstrating that attitudes and behaviour are not necessarily strongly related (cf.…”

Intelligence as a Function of Conservatism among White South African Students

“…Orpen (1971), Orpen and Rookledge ( 1972), Orpen and Tsapogas ( 1972), Lambley ( 1973), Heaven ( 1977), Heaven (1979), Heaven (1981), Duckitt (1983), and Ray and Heaven (1984) have all indicated that in one way or another South African conservatism does not fulfill the functions usually associated with classical conservatism. South African conservatism has been shown by these studies to involve different cognitive and behavioral patterns than the conservatism that exists in Western society.…”

Racism as Abjection: A Psychoanalytic Conceptualisation for a Post-Apartheid South Africa

“…Discursive conceptualisations of racism hope to avoid reducing what would seem to be a political phenomenon par excellence to a set of internal psychological processes -to the 'information processing mechanisms of individuals' as Henriques (1984) frames it -that then come to be fixed into individualising, decontextualised frames of analysis. This discursive trend of analysis deserves to be emphasised, particularly in reference to the domain of mainstream South African social psychology in which racism has been historically -and still often is -viewed as an individual phenomenon located in perception (Bhana, 1977), attitudes (Bhana & Bhana, 1975;Heaven, 1977;Kinloch, 1974Kinloch, , 1985MacCrone, 1930MacCrone, , 1932Orpen, 1973b;Schlachter & Duckitt, 2002;van den Berghe, 1962), personality types (Duckitt, 1983;MacCrone, 1949;Orpen, 1973a;Simon & Barling, 1983), prejudice (Duckitt, 1990(Duckitt, , 1992Hampel & Krupp, 1977;Heaven, 1983;Mynhardt, 1980;Orpen & Tsapogas, 1972;Orpen & van der Schyff, 1972), stereotypes (Kinloch, 1977;Macrone, 1937;Ray, 1980), and authoritarianism (Colman & Lambley, 1970;Duckitt, 1989Duckitt, , 1993Heaven, 1980;Heaven & Rajab, 1980;Lambley, 1973;Mynhardt, Plug, Tyson, & Viljoen, 1979;Mynhardt, 1980;Nieuwoudt & Nel, 1975).…”