Author response: MreB filaments align along greatest principal membrane curvature to orient cell wall synthesis

Hussain, Saman; Wivagg, Carl N.; Szwedziak, Piotr; Wong, Felix; Schaefer, Kaitlin; Izoré, Thierry; Renner, Lars D.; Holmes, Matthew J; Sun, Yingjie; Bisson‐Filho, Alexandre W.; Walker, Suzanne; Amir, Ariel; Löwe, Jan; Garner, Edward B.

doi:10.7554/elife.32471.052

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In E. coli, the rodZ strain (in which the morphology changes into a round shape) has been found to reduce MreB rotation (Morgenstein et al, 2015). However, when MreB carries the S14A mutation that suppresses the morphological abnormality of rodZ cells, the motility of MreB (MreB S14A ) is restored (Hussain et al, 2018). This is probably because MreB S14A is able to correctly form the Rod complex without RodZ, so MreB S14A can rotate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Membrane Fluidity or Phospholipid Composition Perturbs Rotation of MreB Complexes in Escherichia coli

Kurita

Kato

Shiomi

2020

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli are surrounded by inner and outer membranes and peptidoglycan in between, protecting the cells from turgor pressure and maintaining cell shape. The Rod complex, which synthesizes peptidoglycan, is composed of various proteins such as a cytoplasmic protein MreB, a transmembrane protein RodZ, and a transpeptidase PBP2. The Rod complex is a highly motile complex that rotates around the long axis of a cell. Previously, we had reported that anionic phospholipids (aPLs; phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin) play a role in the localization of MreB. In this study, we identified that cells lacking aPLs slow down Rod complex movement. We also found that at higher temperatures, the speed of movement increased in cells lacking aPLs, suggesting that membrane fluidity is important for movement. Consistent with this idea, Rod complex motion was reduced, and complex formation was disturbed in the cells depleted of FabA or FabB, which are essential for unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. These cells also showed abnormal morphology. Therefore, membrane fluidity is important for maintaining cell shape through the regulation of Rod complex formation and motility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Membrane Fluidity or Phospholipid Composition Perturbs Rotation of MreB Complexes in Escherichia coli

Kurita

Kato

Shiomi

2020

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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The ribbon-helix-helix domain proteins CdrS and CdrL regulate cell division in archaea

Darnell

Zheng

Wilson

et al. 2020

Preprint

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20 Precise control of the cell cycle is central to the physiology of all cells. In prior work we 21 demonstrated that archaeal cells maintain a constant size; however, the regulatory mechanisms 22 underlying the cell cycle remain unexplored in this domain of life. Here we use genetics, 23 functional genomics, and quantitative imaging to identify and characterize the novel CdrSL gene 24 regulatory network in a model species of archaea. We demonstrate the central role of these 25 ribbon-helix-helix family transcription factors in the regulation of cell division through specific 26 transcriptional control of the gene encoding FtsZ2, a putative tubulin homolog. Using time lapse 27 fluorescence microscopy in live cells cultivated in microfluidics devices, we further demonstrate 28 that FtsZ2 is required for cell division but not elongation. The cdrS-ftsZ2 locus is highly 29 conserved throughout the archaeal domain, and the central function of CdrS in regulating cell 30 division is conserved across hypersaline adapted archaea. We propose that the CdrSL-FtsZ2 31 transcriptional network coordinates cell division timing with cell growth in archaea. 32 33 Importance 34 Healthy cell growth and division are critical for individual organism survival and species long-35 term viability. However, it remains unknown how cells of the domain Archaea maintain a healthy 36 cell cycle. Understanding archaeal cell cycle is of paramount evolutionary importance given that 37an archaeal cell was the host of the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to eukaryotes. Here we 38 identify and characterize novel molecular players needed for regulating cell division in archaea. 39These molecules dictate the timing of cell septation, but are dispensable for growth between 40 divisions. Timing is accomplished through transcriptional control of the cell division ring. Our 41 results shed light on mechanisms underlying the archaeal cell cycle, which has thus far 42 remained elusive.43 44 109 possessing HTH or wHTH DNA binding domains (Perez-Rueda and Janga, 2010). Our recent 110 studies on gene regulatory networks (GRNs) in Hbt. salinarum systematically investigated the 111 function of transcription factors using high throughput phenotyping of TF knockouts (Darnell et 112 al., 2017; Tonner et al., 2017). This study implicated the putative TF DNA binding protein 113 VNG0194H (VNG_RS00795) as a candidate regulator of multiple stress responses: deletion of 114 VNG0194H lead to growth defect under multiple stress conditions, including oxidative stress, 115 low salinity, and heat shock (Darnell et al., 2017). Intriguingly, VNG0194H is encoded upstream 116 of ftsZ2 (Ng et al., 2000), suggesting additional roles for VNG0194H in cell growth and/or 117 division. An additional putative DNA binding transcriptional regulator VNG0195H is encoded 118 upstream.119 To address knowledge gaps regarding archaeal cell division mechanisms, here we 120 investigate the cell growth and division functions of FtsZ2, VNG0194H (CdrS, cell division 121 6 regulator short) and VNG019...

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Genetic requirements for cell division in a genomically minimal cell

Pelletier

Sun

Wise

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Genomically minimal cells, such as JCVI-syn3.0, offer a platform to clarify genes underlying core physiological processes. While this minimal cell includes genes essential for population growth, the physiology of its single cells remained uncharacterized. To investigate striking morphological variation in JCVI-syn3.0 cells, we present an approach to characterize cell propagation and determine genes affecting cell morphology. Microfluidic chemostats allowed observation of intrinsic cell dynamics resulting in irregular morphologies. The addition of 19 genes not retained in JCVI-syn3.0 generated JCVI-syn3A, which presents significantly less morphological variation than JCVI-syn3.0. We further identified seven of these 19 genes, including two known cell division genes ftsZ and sepF and five genes of unknown function, required together to restore cell morphology and division similar to JCVI-syn1.0. This surprising result emphasizes the polygenic nature of cell morphology, as well as the importance of a Z-ring and membrane properties in the physiology of genomically minimal cells.

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Author response: MreB filaments align along greatest principal membrane curvature to orient cell wall synthesis

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Alteration of Membrane Fluidity or Phospholipid Composition Perturbs Rotation of MreB Complexes in Escherichia coli

Alteration of Membrane Fluidity or Phospholipid Composition Perturbs Rotation of MreB Complexes in Escherichia coli

The ribbon-helix-helix domain proteins CdrS and CdrL regulate cell division in archaea

Genetic requirements for cell division in a genomically minimal cell

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