Author response: AKT isoforms have distinct hippocampal expression and roles in synaptic plasticity

Abstract

AKT is a kinase regulating numerous cellular processes in the brain, and mutations in AKT are known to affect brain function. AKT is indirectly implicated in synaptic plasticity, but its direct role has not been studied. Moreover, three highly related AKT isoforms are expressed in the brain, but their individual roles are poorly understood. We find in Mus musculus, each AKT isoform has a unique expression pattern in the hippocampus, with AKT1 and AKT3 primarily in neurons but displaying local differences, while AKT2 is in astrocytes. We also find isoform-specific roles for AKT in multiple paradigms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in area CA1. AKT1, but not AKT2 or AKT3, is required for L-LTP through regulating activity-induced protein synthesis. Interestingly, AKT activity inhibits mGluR-LTD, with overlapping functions for AKT1 and AKT3. In summary, our studies identify distinct expression patterns and roles in synaptic plasticity for AKT isoforms in the hippocampus.

Mind–Body Exercises for PTSD Symptoms, Depression, and Anxiety in Patients With PTSD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Alternatively, several studies provide evidence that highlight the importance of Akt signaling in regulating AHN. In addition, Akt1 is highly expressed in the adult hippocampus and may influence the synaptic plasticity of the CA1 sub-region (Levenga et al, 2017). Scaffold protein disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 can regulate AHN via the Akt pathway (Wu et al, 2013).…”

“…Scaffold protein disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 can regulate AHN via the Akt pathway (Wu et al, 2013). Moreover, exercise-mediated Akt signaling may also play a role in cognitive and emotional regulation and promote synaptic plasticity and synapse formation at the same time (Qian et al, 2015;Levenga et al, 2017). Hippocampal neurogenesis is an important neuroplasticity that provides adaptability under stress and regulates cognitive function and antidepressant behavior (Gao et al, 2017(Gao et al, , 2018.…”