Author Correction: T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike cross-recognize Omicron

Although BNT162b2 vaccination was shown to prevent infection and reduce COVID-19 severity, and the persistence of immunological memory generated by the vaccination has not been well elucidated. We evaluated memory B and T cell responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein before and after the third BNT162b2 booster. Although the antibody titer against the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) decreased significantly 8 months after the second vaccination, the number of memory B cells continued to increase, while the number of memory T cells decreased slowly. Memory B and T cells from unvaccinated infected patients showed similar kinetics. After the third vaccination, the antibody titer increased to the level of the second vaccination, and memory B cells increased at significantly higher levels before the booster, while memory T cells recovered close to the second vaccination levels. In memory T cells, the frequency of CXCR5+CXCR3+CCR6- cTfh1 was positively correlated with RBD-specific antibody-secreting B cells. Furthermore, T cell-dependent antibody production from reactivated memory B cells in vitro was correlated to the Tfh-like cytokine levels. For the response to variant RBDs, although 60%-80% of memory B cells could bind to the Omicron RBD, their binding affinity was low, while memory T cells show an equal response to the Omicron spike. Thus, the persistent presence of memory B and T cells will quickly upregulate antibody production and T cell responses after Omicron strain infection, which prevents severe illness and death due to COVID-19.

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“…5D). As reported (30,31), T cell memory responded equally to both the Wuhan and Omicron-type spike peptide pools (Fig. 5B).…”

Section: Memory B Cells Induced By Vaccination Show Lower Affinity Fo...supporting

confidence: 80%

Memory B cells and memory T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination or infection show different dynamics and efficacy to the Omicron variant

Mise-Omata

Ikeda

Takeshita

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Participants gave their written informed consent to take part in the study. Between May 11, 2020, and May 24, 2022, 320 participants aged 14-87 years (median 31, IQR [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]) were recruited and followed for up to 837 days (median 155, IQR [58-277]). Two individuals lacked age information: 245 were males and 75 were females.…”

Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is vital to monitor changes in S-, RBD-, and N-directed IgM, IgG, and IgA levels in sub-Saharan Africa to guide diagnostic strategies, public health policy, and immunological correlates pertinent to vaccine formulation. Multiple viral proteins (29,30) elicit prompt and longlasting immunity that persists for several months (31)(32)(33). SARS-CoV-2-directed S-and N-IgG, -IgM, and -IgA antibody profiles have guided inference of the serological response to COVID-19 and provided insight into the relevance of targeting the Spike-protein for vaccine design (34,35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, early, and potent Spike-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA distinguish asymptomatic from mildly symptomatic COVID-19 in Uganda, with IgG persisting for 28 months

Serwanga

Ankunda²,

Sembera³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionUnderstanding how spike (S)-, nucleoprotein (N)-, and RBD-directed antibody responses evolved in mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 in Africa and their interactions with SARS-CoV-2 might inform development of targeted treatments and vaccines.MethodsHere, we used a validated indirect in-house ELISA to characterise development and persistence of S- and N-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody responses for 2430 SARS-CoV-2 rt-PCR-diagnosed Ugandan specimens from 320 mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases, 50 uninfected contacts, and 54 uninfected non-contacts collected weekly for one month, then monthly for 28 months.ResultsDuring acute infection, asymptomatic patients mounted a faster and more robust spike-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA response than those with mild symptoms (Wilcoxon rank test, p-values 0.046, 0.053, and 0.057); this was more pronounced in males than females. Spike IgG antibodies peaked between 25 and 37 days (86.46; IQR 29.47-242.56 BAU/ml), were significantly higher and more durable than N- and RBD IgG antibodies and lasted for 28 months. Anti-spike seroconversion rates consistently exceeded RBD and nucleoprotein rates. Spike- and RBD-directed IgG antibodies were positively correlated until 14 months (Spearman’s rank correlation test, p-values 0.0001 to 0.05), although RBD diminished faster. Significant anti-spike immunity persisted without RBD. 64% and 59% of PCR-negative, non-infected non-contacts and suspects, exhibited baseline SARS-CoV-2 N-IgM serological cross-reactivity, suggesting undetected exposure or abortive infection. N-IgG levels waned after 787 days, while N-IgM levels remained undetectable throughout.DiscussionLower N-IgG seroconversion rates and the absence of N-IgM indicate that these markers substantially underestimate the prior exposure rates. Our findings provide insights into the development of S-directed antibody responses in mild and asymptomatic infections, with varying degrees of symptoms eliciting distinct immune responses, suggesting distinct pathogenic pathways. These longer-lasting data inform vaccine design, boosting strategies, and surveillance efforts in this and comparable settings.

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“…Individuals after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 would induce anti-SARS-CoV-2 CD8 + T cell responses, which can recognize the Omicron variant ( 129 ). Keeton et al investigated the ability of T cells to respond to the Omicron S protein in donors vaccinated with Ad26.CoV2.S, BNT162b2 vaccines, or unvaccinated convalescent patients ( n = 70) and showed that 70 to 80% of the CD4 + and CD8 + T cell response to S protein was maintained ( 130 ). Naranbhai et al also identified a subset of people with a >50% decrease in T cell reaction to the Omicron S protein ( 131 ).…”

Section: T Cell Response To the Sars-cov-2 Omicron Variantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to Vaccines, Therapeutic Antibodies, and Viral Entry Inhibitors and Advances To Counter the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

et al. 2022

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) keeps evolving and mutating into newer variants over time, which gain higher transmissibility, disease severity, and spread in communities at a faster rate, resulting in multiple waves of surge in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. A highly mutated and transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has recently emerged, driving the extremely high peak of infections in almost all continents at an unprecedented speed and scale.

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Author Correction: T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike cross-recognize Omicron

Cited by 22 publications

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Memory B cells and memory T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination or infection show different dynamics and efficacy to the Omicron variant

Memory B cells and memory T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination or infection show different dynamics and efficacy to the Omicron variant

Rapid, early, and potent Spike-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA distinguish asymptomatic from mildly symptomatic COVID-19 in Uganda, with IgG persisting for 28 months

Sensitivity to Vaccines, Therapeutic Antibodies, and Viral Entry Inhibitors and Advances To Counter the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

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