Author Correction: Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection

Zuo, Jianmin; Dowell, Alexander C.; Pearce, Hayden; Verma, Kriti; Long, Heather M.; Begum, Jusnara; Aiano, Felicity; Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin; Höschler, Katja; Brooks, Tim; Taylor, Stephen; Hewson, Jacqueline; Hallis, Bassam; Stapley, Lorraine; Borrow, Raymond; Linley, Ezra; Ahmad, Shazaad; Parker, Ben; Horsley, Alex; Amirthalingam, Gayatri; Brown, Kevin N.; Ramsay, Mary; Ladhani, Shamez; Moss, Paul

doi:10.1038/s41590-021-00957-7

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immune repertoires could still recognize the highly mutated S protein of Omicron [28]. Furthermore, T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens remain consistent or even increase over time, whereas antibody responses wane [23,24], consistent with our data. A positive correlation persists between the magnitude of Tcell immune response and the titer of sera neutralizing antibodies, as indicated in our and others' studies [24,25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Comprehensive Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Diverse Chinese Population

Long

et al. 2022

Research

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The SARS-CoV-2 variants have been emerging and have made great challenges to current vaccine and pandemic control strategies. It is urgent to understand the current immune status of various Chinese populations given that the preexisting immunity has been established by national vaccination or exposure to past variants. Using sera from 85 individuals (including 21 convalescents of natural infection, 15 cases which suffered a breakthrough infection after being fully vaccinated, and 49 healthy vaccinees), we showed significantly enhanced neutralizing activities against SRAS-CoV-2 variants in convalescent sera, especially those who had been fully vaccinated. The neutralizing antibodies against Omicron were detectable in 75% of convalescents and 44.9% of healthy vaccinees (p=0.006), with a GMT of 289.5, 180.9-463.3, and 42.6, 31.3-59, respectively. However, the neutralizing activities were weaker in young convalescents (aged<18 y), with a detectable rate of 50% and a GMT of 46.4 against Omicron. We also examined and found no pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing activities in vaccinated SARS-CoV-1 survivors. A booster dose could further increase the breadth and magnitude of neutralization against WT and variants of concern (VOCs) to different degrees. In addition, we showed that COVID-19-inactivated vaccines can elicit Omicron-specific T-cell responses. The positive rates of ELISpot reactions were 26.7% (4/15) and 43.8% (7/16) in the full vaccination group and the booster vaccination group, respectively, although without statistically significant difference. The neutralizing antibody titers declined while T-cell responses remain consistent over 6 months. These findings will inform the optimization of public health vaccination and intervention strategies to protect diverse populations against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Advances. Breakthrough infection significantly boosted neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants as compared to booster immunization with inactivated vaccine. Vaccine-induced virus-specific T-cell immunity, on the other hand, may compensate for the shortfall. Furthermore, the public health system should target the most vulnerable group due to a poorer protective serological response in both infected and vaccinated adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The virus-specific T-cell repertoires could be shaped following natural infection or vaccination [23][24][25]. Inspiringly, only 3%-7% of previously identified T-cell epitopes are affected by mutations in the various VOCs [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Diverse Chinese Population

Long

et al. 2022

Research

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“…Our findings confirm and extend previous study results showing that SARS-CoV-2-specific IL-2 and/or IFN-γ-producing cells were present in blood samples from recovered individuals who had milder COVID-19 courses ( 13 , 21 , 22 ). Although the ELISpot assay may not be suitable to measure the longevity of T-cell responses, we could show that specific T-cell responses appeared to be maintained for a median time of 9 (IQR 6;11) months after the onset of disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Post-COVID-19 Fatigue and SARS-CoV-2 Specific Humoral and T-Cell Responses in Male and Female Outpatients

et al. 2022

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BackgroundInformation on the clinical characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying post-COVID-19 fatigue are scarce. The main objective of this study was to evaluate sex-specific humoral and T-cell responses associated with post-COVID-19 fatigue in a sample of individuals treated as outpatients.MethodsAt a median time of 279 (179;325) days after the acute infection, a total of 281 individuals (45.9% men) aged 18-87 years old were included in the analysis. The participants were examined at the University Hospital of Augsburg, Southern Germany. Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS). Levels of anti-SARS-CoV2-spike IgG antibodies were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for exploration of the SARS-CoV2-specific T-cell response, ex vivo ELISpot/FLUOROspot assays were conducted using an interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) SARS-CoV-iSpot kit.ResultsWomen more significantly suffered from post-COVID-19 fatigue in comparison to men (47.4% versus 25.6%, p=0.0002). Females but not males with fatigue showed a significantly lower number of T-cells producing IFN-γ, IL-2 or both IL-2 and IFNγ in comparison with females without fatigue. In both sexes, serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV2-spike IgG antibodies did not differ significantly between participants with or without fatigue.ConclusionsDevelopment of fatigue after acute COVID-19 disease might be associated with SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses in women, but not men after a mild infection course treated outpatient.

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“…The relative importance of cellular immunity in mediating clinical protection or sustaining humoral immunity is currently uncertain but these data indicate that this should be monitored prospectively. Indeed, a strong correlation was seen between the magnitude of the cellular and humoral immunity as observed in natural infection ( Zuo et al, 2021 ). It will be of interest to assess how suboptimal antibody or cellular responses relate to the minority of people who fail to gain complete clinical protection from symptomatic infection following vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mRNA vaccination in people over 80 years of age induces strong humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 with cross neutralization of P.1 Brazilian variant

Parry

Tut

Bruton

et al. 2021

eLife

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Age is the major risk factor for mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection and older people have received priority consideration for COVID-19 vaccination. However vaccine responses are often suboptimal in this age group and few people over the age of 80 years were included in vaccine registration trials. We determined the serological and cellular response to spike protein in 100 people aged 80-96 years at 2 weeks after second vaccination with the Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Antibody responses were seen in every donor with high titres in 98%. Spike-specific cellular immune responses were detectable in only 63% and correlated with humoral response. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially increased antibody responses after one vaccine and antibody and cellular responses remained 28-fold and 3-fold higher respectively after dual vaccination. Post-vaccine sera mediated strong neutralisation of live Victoria infection and although neutralisation titres were reduced 14-fold against the P.1 variant first discovered in Brazil they remained largely effective. These data demonstrate that the mRNA vaccine platform delivers strong humoral immunity in people up to 96 years of age and retains broad efficacy against the P.1 Variant of Concern.

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Author Correction: Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Comprehensive Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Diverse Chinese Population

Comprehensive Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Diverse Chinese Population

Post-COVID-19 Fatigue and SARS-CoV-2 Specific Humoral and T-Cell Responses in Male and Female Outpatients

mRNA vaccination in people over 80 years of age induces strong humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 with cross neutralization of P.1 Brazilian variant

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